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Immunological regulators in the hair follicle associated with alopecia areata. There are immune response suppressors in hair follicles, such as MHC class I/II, β2 macroglobulin, MIF, CD200, and PD-L1. These immunosuppressive factors are downregulated in hair follicles of patients with alopecia areata. On the other hand, trichohyalin and tyrosine-related protein 2 are known as immune response activators in hair follicles and are also related to the pathogenesis of alopecia areata.
