Table 3.
Test for adjusted associations between each step of access to dental services and the enabling resources.
| 1. Logit Models: Use of Dental Services (Step 1) | aOR 1 [95CI] | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Model A1: EPICES Score 2 |
I—Well-off | Reference | N = 3402 Adjusted R2 = 0.03 Constant = 0.51 |
| II—Fairly well-off | 0.79 ** [0.65; 0.96] | ||
| III—At the deprivation threshold | 0.70 *** [0.56; 0.86] | ||
| IV—Deprived | 0.51 *** [0.40; 0.65] | ||
| V—Very deprived | 0.43 *** [0.33; 0.56] | ||
| Model B1: Income 3 |
1st and lowest quintile | Reference | N = 3402 Adjusted R2 = 0.03 Constant = 0.21 |
| 2nd quintile | 1.44 *** [1.13; 1.82] | ||
| 3rd quintile | 1.66 *** [1.28; 2.13] | ||
| 4th quintile | 1.81 *** [1.35; 2.43] | ||
| Highest quintile | 1.90 *** [1.55; 2.29] | ||
| Model C1: Complementary health coverage |
No complementary insurance | Reference | N = 3402 Adjusted R2 = 0.02 Constant = 0.15 |
| Public [out of pocket = 0] | 1.73 ** [1.08; 2.76] | ||
| Private | 2.19 *** [1.43; 3.37] | ||
| 2. Linear models: dental expenditure (Step 2) | Coeff. 1 [95CI] | ||
| Model A2: EPICES Score 2 |
I—Well-off | Reference | |
| II—Fairly well-off | 0.20 [−0.14; 0.55] | N = 1342 Adjusted R2 = 0.05 Constant = 4.68 |
|
| III—At the deprivation threshold | 0.22 [−0.05; 0.50] | ||
| IV—Deprived | 0.03 [−0.22; 0.27] | ||
| V—Very deprived | 0.40 *** [0.16; 0.65] | ||
| Model B2: Income 3 |
Ref. = Lowest category | Reference | N = 1342 Adjusted R2 = 0.04 Constant = 5.17 |
| 2nd category | −0.11 [−0.38; 0.15] | ||
| 3rd category | −0.02 [−0.29; 0.26] | ||
| 4th category | −0.18 [−0.44; 0.08] | ||
| Highest category | −0.06 [−0.44; 0.60] | ||
| Model C2: Complementary health coverage |
No complementary insurance | Reference | N = 1342 Adjusted R2 = 0.04 Constant = 4.65 |
| Public [out of pocket = 0] | 0.62 ** [0.24; 0.99] | ||
| Private | 0.37 * [−0.00; 0.75] | ||
1 Control variables are: gender, age, dental health status, type of urban area. 2 The EPICES score is a multidimensional score for social deprivation designed by the NHI and health centers. 3 Income by consumption unit is the OECD reference measure for household income. * Statistically significant at the 1% level. ** Statistically significant at the 5% level. *** Statistically significant at the 10% level.