Table 1.
Maternal and newborn characteristics analyzed in the study for the period between 2008 and 2017.
| Variable | Primiparas | Multiparas | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex of Newborn | Total n = 1,742,641 |
Boys n = 897,868 |
Girls n = 844,773 |
Total n = 1,914,942 |
Boys n = 985,499 |
Girls n = 929,443 |
|||||||
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
| Birth weight [gram] | <2500 | 80,304 | 4.6 | 37,655 | 4.2 | 42,649 | 5.1 | 78,745 | 4.1 | 36,956 | 3.7 | 41,789 | 4.5 |
| 2500–3999 | 1,496,129 | 85.9 | 749,891 | 83.5 | 746,238 | 88.3 | 1,593,096 | 83.2 | 789,441 | 80.1 | 803,655 | 86.5 | |
| ≥4000 | 166,208 | 9.5 | 110,322 | 12.3 | 55,886 | 6.6 | 243,101 | 12.7 | 159,102 | 16.1 | 83,999 | 9.0 | |
| Maternal age groups [years] | 20–24 | 491,921 | 28.2 | 253,627 | 28.2 | 238,294 | 28.2 | 186,581 | 9.7 | 95,733 | 9.7 | 90,848 | 9.8 |
| 25–29 | 774,608 | 44.5 | 399,341 | 44.5 | 375,267 | 44.4 | 574,628 | 30.0 | 295,568 | 30.0 | 279,060 | 30.0 | |
| 30–34 | 374,259 | 21.5 | 192,586 | 21.4 | 181,673 | 21.5 | 743,303 | 38.9 | 383,020 | 38.9 | 360,283 | 38.8 | |
| 35–39 | 89,295 | 5.1 | 45,894 | 5.1 | 43,401 | 5.1 | 342,166 | 17.9 | 176,105 | 17.9 | 166,061 | 17.9 | |
| 40–44 | 12,120 | 0.7 | 6171 | 0.7 | 5949 | 0.7 | 65,497 | 3.4 | 33,661 | 3.4 | 31,836 | 3.4 | |
| ≥45 | 438 | 0.0 | 249 | 0.0 | 189 | 0.0 | 2767 | 0.1 | 1412 | 0.1 | 1355 | 0.1 | |
| Gestational age [week] | <37 | 95,661 | 5.5 | 52,576 | 5.9 | 43,085 | 5.1 | 105,938 | 5.5 | 58,624 | 5.9 | 47,314 | 5.1 |
| 37–41 | 1,609,252 | 92.3 | 826,194 | 92.0 | 783,058 | 92.7 | 1,781,029 | 93.0 | 912,737 | 92.6 | 868,292 | 93.4 | |
| ≥42 | 37,728 | 2.2 | 19,098 | 2.1 | 18,630 | 2.2 | 27,975 | 1.5 | 14,138 | 1.4 | 13,837 | 1.5 | |
| Stillbirth history 1 | Not applicable | 13,439 | 0.7 | 6984 | 0.7 | 6455 | 0.7 | ||||||
| Marital status |
Married | 1,285,592 | 73.8 | 662,490 | 73.8 | 623,102 | 73.8 | 1,627,734 | 85.0 | 838,120 | 85.0 | 789,614 | 85.0 |
| Unmarried | 457,049 | 26.2 | 235,378 | 26.2 | 221,671 | 26.2 | 287,208 | 15.0 | 147,379 | 15.0 | 139,829 | 15.0 | |
| Place of residence |
Urban | 1,071,426 | 61.5 | 551,524 | 61.4 | 519,902 | 61.5 | 1,074,058 | 56.1 | 553,125 | 56.1 | 520,933 | 56.0 |
| Rural | 671,215 | 38.5 | 346,344 | 38.6 | 324,871 | 38.5 | 840,884 | 43.9 | 432,374 | 43.9 | 408,510 | 44.0 | |
| Maternal education | Low | 54,718 | 3.1 | 27,963 | 3.1 | 26,755 | 3.2 | 145,153 | 7.6 | 74,288 | 7.5 | 70,865 | 7.6 |
| Medium | 769,353 | 44.1 | 396,830 | 44.2 | 372,523 | 44.1 | 977,191 | 51.0 | 502,708 | 51.0 | 474,483 | 51.1 | |
| High | 918,570 | 52.7 | 473,075 | 52.7 | 445,495 | 52.7 | 792,598 | 41.4 | 408,503 | 41.5 | 384,095 | 41.3 | |
1 only multiparous mothers were included.