Table 2.
Regulation of different stress-related genes by BRs.
| Gene/BRs | Gene Function | Crop/Plant | Stress Type | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Respiratory burst oxidase homolog (RBOH) | Involved in ROS generation | Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) |
Cold and photo-oxidative stresses | [119] |
| DREB | Involved in regulating various cold stress-responsive genes | Rice (O. sativa L.) |
Cold stress | [109,120] |
| Proline-5-caryboxylate synthetase 1 (P5CS1) | Involved in the proline biosynthesis | Arabidopsis (A. thaliana) |
Salt stress | [121] |
| Abscisic acid stress ripening (ASR) | Involved in signal transduction | Mango (Mangifera indica L.) |
Cold stress | [122] |
| YODA (YDA) | A TF involved in regulating stomatal conductance | Arabidopsis (A. thaliana) |
Drought and salt stresses | [41] |
| CYP90b3, GSH1, and GST1 | Play a role in detoxification | Tomato (S. lycopersicum L.) |
Phenanthrene stress | [123] |
| Remorin | Membrane skeleton protein | Mango (M. indica L.) |
Drought stress | [122] |
| UBC32 | A stress-induced functional ubiquitin conjugation enzyme (E2) | Arabidopsis (A. thaliana) |
Salt stress | [102] |
| Lipocalins | Involved in signal transduction | Mango (M. indica L.) |
Cold stress | [122] |
| Submergence 1A (SUB1A) | An ethylene response factor (ERF), involved in conferring the submergence tolerance |
Rice (O. sativa L.) |
Submergence tolerance | [124] |
| Alternative oxidase (AOX) | Involved in protecting the plant photosystems | Tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) |
Cold stress | [125] |
| Ferritin | Involved in iron storage | Rice (O. sativa L.) |
Pesticide and salt stresses | [126] |
| Respiratory burst oxidase homolog 1 (RBOH1) |
Involved in ROS generation | Tomato (S. lycopersicum) |
Heat tolerance | [118] |
| Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) | Involved in the scavenging of ROS | Rice (O. sativa L.) |
Pesticide and salt stresses | [127,128] |
| bes1-D | BRI1 EMS SUPRESSOR 1 | Arabidopsis (A. thaliana) |
Tolerance to Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) | [112] |
| Superoxide dismutase (SOD) | H2O2 biosynthesis | Rice (O. sativa L.) |
Pesticide and salt stresses | [127,128] |
| Glutathione reductase (GR) | Involved in the scavenging of ROS | Rice (O. sativa L.) |
Pesticide and salt stresses | [127,128] |
| Catalase (CAT) | Engaged in the scavenging of ROS | Rice (O. sativa L.) |
Pesticide and salt stresses | [127,128] |
| No-expressor of pathogenesis-related genes1-1 (NPR1-1) | Involved in regulating various stress-responsive genes | Arabidopsis (A. thaliana) |
Salt and hyper-thermal stresses | [129] |
| 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS) | An ethylene synthesis enzyme | Tomato (S. lycopersicum) |
Salt stress | [103] |
| Cesta (CES) | TFs that are involved in regulating several cold stress-responsive genes | Arabidopsis (A. thaliana) |
Cold stress | [98] |
| BZR1 and BES1 | Basic helix-loop-helix TFs play a role in the BR-signaling pathway | Arabidopsis (A. thaliana) |
Freezing tolerance | [99] |
| WRKY | Involved in regulating various stress-responsive genes | Arabidopsis (A. thaliana) |
Drought stress | [61] |
| BRL3 | A vascular-enriched member of the BR receptor family |
Arabidopsis (A. thaliana) |
Drought stress | [96] |
| BZR1 | The main regulator of BR response | Tomato (S. lycopersicum) and Arabidopsis (A. thaliana) |
Thermotolerance | [100,101] |