Table 3.

Bivariate correlations between independent and dependent variables.

Variable	Negative Impact a		Positive Value a
	r	p	r	p
Age. Spouse carer	−0.161	0.044	0.207	0.009
Gender. Spouse carer	0.174	0.029	−0.154	0.051
Years in relationship	−0.184	0.022	0.152	0.056
Years as carer	0.195	0.016	−0.116	0.155
Behavioural stress b	0.616	<0.001	−0.405	<0.001
Instrumental stress b	0.337	<0.001	−0.069	0.389
Self-rated health	0.376	<0.001	−0.177	0.026
Sleep disturbance	0.405	<0.001	−0.078	0.329
Social loneliness c	0.252	0.001	−0.270	0.001
Emotional loneliness c	0.435	<0.001	−0.332	<0.001
Meaning in life d	−0.334	<0.001	0.464	<0.001
Mutuality e	−0.512	<0.001	0.700	<0.001
Change in emotional closeness	−0.330	<0.001	0.438	<0.001
Change in physical intimacy	−0.398	<0.001	0.270	0.001
Quality of support a	−0.291	<0.001	0.530	<0.001

Note: ^a, COPE Index; ^b, BISID; ^c, de Jong Giervald Loneliness Scale; ^d, Meaning in life, Presence of meaning subscale; ^e, Mutuality scale; For analyses n varies between 151 and 161 due to internal missing values.