Table 3.
Comparison of outcomes from pregnancies diagnosed with gestational diabetes (GDM) in 2019 (routine screening for GDM using a two-step approach with GCT and glucose tolerance test) and 2020 (modified screening for GDM due to the COVID-19 pandemic).
| All GDM Positive 2019 n = 92 |
All GDM Positive 2020 n = 42 |
p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| BMI, mean( SD) | 28.5 (5.6) | 29.4 (6.6) | 0.15 |
| Age, mean (SD) | 36 (4.9) | 34.(5.7) | 0.1 |
| Gestational age at glucose Challenge test (weeks), mean (SD) | 29 (4.1) | 28 (5) | 0.04 |
| Booking weight, mean (SD) | 74.7 (16) | 74.7 (17.8) | 0.52 |
| Infant head circumference (cm), mean (SD) | 64 (29.4) | 61 (32) | 0.37 |
| Infant length (cm), mean (SD) | 73.7 (26.3) | 50 (31) | 0.08 |
| Birth weight (g), mean (SD) | 3608 (481) | 3488 (638) | 0.44 |
| Rate of postpartum Haemorrhage (PPH), n (%) | 19 (20.7%) | 5 (11.9%) | 0.21 |
| Birth weight > 90th centile, n (%) | 17 (18.5%) | 8 (19%) | 0.96 |
| Gestational age at birth (weeks), mean (SD) | 39.6 (1.3) | 39.3 (1.5) | 0.06 |
| Induction of labour, n (%) | 31 (33.7%) | 29 (47.6%) | 0.06 |
| Mode of birth, n (%) | |||
| Spontaneous vaginal birth | 47(51.1%) | 19 (45.2%) | 0.7 |
| Instrumental birth | 13 (14.1%) | 3 (7.1%) | 0.8 |
| Caesarean section | 32 (34.8%) | 20 (47.6%) | 0.16 |
| Initial treatment of GDM | <0.01 | ||
| Diet and exercise only | 89 (96.7%) | 31 (73.8%) | |
| Metformin | 1 (1.1%) | 2 (4.8%) | |
| Insulin | 2 (2.2%) | 9 (21.4%) | |
| Term treatment | <0.01 | ||
| Diet and exercise alone | 79 (86%) | 21 (50%) | |
| Metformin | 7 (7.6%) | 6 (14.3%) | |
| Insulin | 5 (5.4%) | 13 (31%) | |
BMI: body mass index, GA: gestational age, GCT: glucose challenge test, GDM: gestational diabetes.