Table 4.
Binary logistic regression analyses on future delinquency with ACEs, dimensional personality variables, and covariates.
| Model | Independent Variables | Future Delinquency | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any | Violent | Non-Violent | |||||
| OR | 95%–CI | OR | 95%–CI | OR | 95%–CI | ||
| Model 1a | ETI sum | 0.96 | 0.88–1.05 | 0.99 | 0.86-1.12 | 0.99 | 0.91–1.08 |
| Model 1b | YPI sum | 1.03 *** | 1.02–1.04 | 1.03 *** | 1.02–1.05 | 1.02 *** | 0.01–1.04 |
| JTCI novelty seeking | 1.03 ** | 1.01–1.06 | 1.05 ** | 1.01–1.09 | 1.03 * | 1.01–1.06 | |
| JTCI harm avoidance | 0.99 | 0.96–1.01 | 1.00 | 0.96–1.04 | 0.98 | 0.95–1.01 | |
| JTCI reward dependence | 0.99 | 0.97–1.01 | 1.00 | 0.97–1.04 | 0.98 | 0.96–1.01 | |
| JTCI persistence | 0.99 | 0.97–1.02 | 0.98 | 0.94–1.02 | 0.98 | 0.96–1.01 | |
| SCID-II Cluster A | 1.02 | 0.98–1.06 | 1.02 | 0.97–1.08 | 1.02 | 0.99–1.06 | |
| SCID-II Cluster B | 1.03 ** | 1.01–1.06 | 1.04** | 1.01–1.07 | 1.03 * | 1.01–1.05 | |
| SCID-II Cluster C | 0.93 *** | 0.89–0.97 | 0.95 | 0.89–1.01 | 0.93 *** | 0.89–0.97 | |
| SCID-II other | 0.98 | 0.94–1.03 | 0.98 | 0.90–1.06 | 0.98 | 0.93–1.04 | |
| Model 2 | YPI sum | 1.02 ** | 1.01–1.03 | 1.02 * | 1.00–1.04 | 1.02 * | 1.00–1.03 |
| JTCI novelty seeking | 1.02 | 0.99–1.05 | 1.04 | 1.00–1.09 | 1.03 | 0.99–1.06 | |
| JTCI harm avoidance | 0.99 | 0.96–1.02 | 1.01 | 0.97–1.06 | 0.99 | 0.95–1.02 | |
| JTCI reward dependence | 0.99 | 0.96–1.02 | 1.01 | 0.97–1.06 | 0.98 | 0.95–1.01 | |
| JTCI persistence | 1.01 | 0.97–1.04 | 0.99 | 0.94–1.04 | 1.00 | 0.97–1.04 | |
| SCID-II Cluster A | 1.07 * | 1.01–1.13 | 1.05 | 0.97–1.14 | 1.08 * | 1.02–1.14 | |
| SCID-II Cluster B | 1.04 | 1.00–1.07 | 1.04 | 0.99–1.08 | 1.02 | 0.99–1.06 | |
| SCID-II Cluster C | 0.89 *** | 0.83–0.95 | 0.94 | 0.86–1.04 | 0.89 *** | 0.83–0.95 | |
| SCID-II other | 0.98 | 0.90–1.06 | 0.94 | 0.84–1.06 | 0.98 | 0.90–1.06 | |
| ETI sum | 0.90 | 0.80–1.00 | 0.91 | 0.77–1.08 | 0.94 | 0.84–1.05 | |
| Model 3 | YPI sum | 1.01 | 1.00–1.03 | 1.02 | 1.00–1.04 | 1.01 | 0.99–1.02 |
| JTCI novelty seeking | 1.02 | 0.99–1.06 | 1.04 | 1.00–1.09 | 1.03 | 0.99–1.06 | |
| JTCI harm avoidance | 1.00 | 0.97–1.04 | 1.02 | 0.97–1.07 | 1.00 | 0.96–1.03 | |
| JTCI reward dependence | 0.99 | 0.95–1.02 | 1.02 | 0.97–1.07 | 0.98 | 0.94–1.01 | |
| JTCI persistence | 1.00 | 0.97–1.04 | 0.99 | 0.94–1.04 | 1.00 | 0.96–1.04 | |
| SCID-II Cluster A | 1.02 | 0.95–1.08 | 1.03 | 0.94–1.12 | 1.03 | 0.96–1.09 | |
| SCID-II Cluster B | 1.05 * | 1.01–1.09 | 1.05 | 1.00–1.10 | 1.04 | 1.00–1.08 | |
| SCID-II Cluster C | 0.90 ** | 0.84–0.97 | 0.97 | 0.88–1.07 | 0.90 ** | 0.84–0.97 | |
| SCID-II other | 1.00 | 0.92–1.10 | 0.93 | 0.82–1.06 | 1.00 | 0.91–1.10 | |
| ETI sum | 0.91 | 0.81–1.03 | 0.93 | 0.79–1.11 | 0.96 | 0.85–1.08 | |
| Prior Delinquency | 3.52 *** | 1.90–6.54 | 3.06 * | 1.29–7.23 | 3.26 *** | 1.74–6.08 | |
| Age | 0.88 | 0.72–1.06 | 0.73 * | 0.54–0.99 | 0.89 | 0.73–1.09 | |
| Sex (males = 0, females = 1) | 0.21*** | 0.10–0.45 | 0.28 * | 0.08–0.93 | 0.20 *** | 0.09–0.44 | |
| Nationality | 0.81 | 0.35–1.88 | 0.61 | 0.21–1.79 | 0.79 | 0.33–1.85 | |
| Low SES | 0.77 | 0.39–1.52 | 0.87 | 0.34–2.23 | 0.66 | 0.33–1.32 | |
Note. OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval.* p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001.