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. 2022 Jan 20;23(3):1101. doi: 10.3390/ijms23031101

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Relative messenger RNA expression levels of Collagen 1, MMP1, MMP3, and MMP9 in the HDF cells. The collagen 1 gene expression level was increased concentration dependently in the EverCTP^TM (NEWTREE Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea) treatment group compared to the CON group (A). MMP1 (B), MMP3 (C), and MMP9 (D) gene expressions were induced by 10 mJ/cm² of UVB irradiation, and induced MMP family gene expressions were decreased with EverCTP^TM treatment; # p < 0.005, independent samples t-test compared with the CON group; * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.005, independent samples t-test compared with the CON group (A) or the UV irradiation group (B–D). TGF-β, transforming growth factor-beta; RA, retinoic acid; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; HDF, human dermal fibroblast; CON, control; UVB, ultraviolet-B; UV, ultraviolet.