Table 2.

Effect sizes of risk factors for caregiver burden in families of persons with schizophrenia.

Factors	k	N	Random Effect Size [95% CI]	Heterogeneity
				Q Value	p a	I 2
More severe overall symptoms	13	2359	0.284 [0.072, 0.496]	308.477	0.000	96.110
Positive syndrome	6	721	0.119 [0.046, 0.191]	4.110	0.534	0.000
Negative syndrome	5	749	0.584 [0.200, 0.968]	6.231	0.183	35.809
General psychopathology	4	509	1.107 [0.154, 2.060]	19.841	0.000	84.880
Higher degree of functional impairment	11	1778	0.044 [−0.252, 0.340]	55.702	0.000	82.047
Longer duration of illness	7	870	0.295 [0.092, 0.497]	77.140	0.000	91.566

Note: k = number of articles; N = total sample size. ^a two-tailed.