Table 1.
Sociodemographic data, mental health status, and knowledge of and attitude toward COVID-19 among participants according to vaccination status.
| Variable | Total (n = 560) |
Vaccinated Group (n = 391) |
Unvaccinated Group (n = 169) | p-Value | Effect Size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 21.4 ± 3.1 | 21.6 ± 3.4 | 21.0 ± 2.32 | 0.029 a | 0.090 |
| Gender | 0.427 b | 0.034 | |||
| Male | 218 (38.9%) | 148 (37.9%) | 70 (41.4%) | ||
| Female | 342 (61.1%) | 243 (62.1%) | 99 (58.6%) | ||
| Household structure | 0.621 b | 0.041 | |||
| Living alone | 264 (47.1%) | 185 (47.3%) | 79 (46.8%) | ||
| With others | 296 (52.9%) | 206 (52.7%) | 90 (53.2%) | ||
| Part-time job | 0.753 b | 0.013 | |||
| Employed | 406 (72.5%) | 285 (72.9%) | 121 (71.6%) | ||
| None | 154 (27.5%) | 106 (27.1%) | 48 (28.4%) | ||
| Movement restrictions | 0.504 b | 0.049 | |||
| Strict | 56 (10.0%) | 39 (10.0%) | 17 (10.1%) | ||
| Except for shopping or work | 444 (79.3%) | 314 (80.3%) | 130 (76.9%) | ||
| No | 60 (10.7%) | 38 (9.7%) | 22 (13.0%) | ||
| Fear of COVID-19 infection (Yes) | 464 (82.9%) | 325 (83.1%) | 139 (82.3%) | 0.802 b | 0.011 |
| Knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccine (Yes) |
|||||
| Can one be reinfected after recovering from COVID-19 infection? |
535 (95.5%) | 375 (95.9%) | 160 (94.7%) | 0.517 b | 0.027 |
| Is there currently an effective vaccine against COVID-19? |
413 (73.8%) | 300 (76.7%) | 113 (66.9%) | 0.015 b | 0.103 |
| Importance of vaccination (Likert scale: 1–5) |
|||||
| To protect self | 5.0 [4.0–5.0] | 5.0 [4.0–5.0] | 4.0 [3.0–5.0] | <0.001 a | 0.326 |
| To protect others | 5.0 [4.0–5.0] | 5.0 [4.0–5.0] | 4.0 [4.0–5.0] | <0.001 a | 0.224 |
| Anxiety symptoms (GAD-2 score ≥ 3) | 85 (15.2%) | 56 (14.3%) | 29 (17.2%) | 0.390 b | 0.036 |
| Depressive symptoms (PHQ-2 score ≥ 3) | 72 (12.9%) | 54 (13.8%) | 18 (10.7%) | 0.305 b | 0.043 |
Note. Statistically significant results are in bold. GAD-2, generalized anxiety disorder. PHQ-2, Patient Health Questionnaire. GAD-2 and PHQ-2 scores of ≥3 are considered a positive screening. Data are expressed as means ± SD, n (%), or medians (interquartile range). a Results of the Mann–Whitney U test. b Results of the chi-squared test.