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. 2022 Jan 18;23(3):1014. doi: 10.3390/ijms23031014

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Schematic representation of the canonical and cone visual cycles. Key enzymes, transporters, carriers and retinoids are shown. Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) images of representative patients, harbouring pathogenic variants in genes, encoding four essential proteins involved in the visual cycle, are presented below. Scale bars for four FAF images: 200 µm. Abbreviation expanation: RPE–retinal pigment epithelium, RBP4—retinol-binding protein 4, STRA6—stimulated by retinoic acid 6, CRBP1—cellular retinol-binding protein 1, LRAT—retinol:lecithin acyltransferase, RPE65—RPE-specific 65 kDa protein, RDH5—11-cis-retinol dehydrogenase 5, RDH11—11-cis-retinol dehydrogenase 11, CRALBP—cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein, RGR—retinal G protein-coupled receptor, IRBP—interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein, RDH8—all-trans-retinol dehydrogenases 8, RDH12—all-trans-retinol dehydrogenases 12, ABCA4—ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 4, DES1—dihydroceramide desaturase-1, 11cRDH—11-cis-retinol dehydrogenase, RHO—rhodopsin, IOD—iodopsin, 11cRAL—11-cis-retinal, 11cROL—11-cis-retinol, atRAL—all-trans-retinal, atROL—all-trans-retinol, RE—retinyl esters, N-ret-PE—N-retinylidene-phosphatidylethanolamine, PE—phosphatidylethanolamine, A2E—N-retinyl-N-retinylidene ethanolamine. Source: Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana.