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. 2022 Jan 23;23(3):1243. doi: 10.3390/ijms23031243

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Surface adventitious root and aerenchyma formation. Development of surface adventitious roots (A–D,I–L), transverse sections of nodal roots (4 cm from the root apex) (E–H,M–P), number of surface adventitious roots (Q) and percentage of aerenchyma in root cross-sections (R,S) in non-waterlogged and 14-day waterlogged plants treated with or without hormone and/or inhibitor. Data are means of three independent biological replicates ± SE. Different letters between any two samples show significant difference (two-way ANOVA; p < 0.05, Fisher’s LSD test). Arrows indicate surface adventitious roots emergence from stem nodes. CTRL, non-waterlogged untreated; WL, waterlogged untreated; SA, salicylic acid; ABT, 1-aminobenzotriazole (SA biosynthesis inhibitor); AVG, aminoethoxyvinylglycine (ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor); nd, not detected. Hormone and/or inhibitor treatments of non-waterlogged control plants did not induce surface adventitious roots.