Table 8.
Alginate combined with gene therapy.
| Approach | Vector | Gene | Cells | Evaluation | Proliferation | PG Deposition | Collagen Deposition | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| genetically modified cells in alginate |
nonviral | IGF-I | rabbit chondrocytes | in vitro, 36 ds | increase | N/A | N/A | [145] |
| rabbit chondrocytes | in vivo (OCD implantation), 14 wk | N/A | increase | slight effect | [145] | |||
| FGF-2 | rabbit chondrocytes | in vitro, 29 ds | increase | slight decrease | N/A | [68] | ||
| rabbit chondrocytes | in vivo (OCD implantation), 3/14 wk | N/A | increase | increase | [68] | |||
| adenoviral | IGF-I | ovine ASCs | in vitro, 28 ds | N/A | detected | detected | [346] | |
| TGF-β1 | rat MSCs | in vitro, 10 ds | N/A | detected | detected | [347] | ||
| TGF-β2 | human ASCs | in vivo (s.c. implantation), 4/12 wk | N/A | detected | detected | [146] | ||
| lentiviral | TGF-β1 | rat MSCs | in vivo (CD implantation), 4/8 wk | N/A | detected | detected | [348] | |
| gene transfer vectorsin alginate | rAAV | lacZ | human MSCs | in vitro, 21 ds | N/A | not altered | not altered | [341] |
| IGF-I | - | in vivo (CD implantation), 1 yr | increase | increase | increase | [341] |
Abbreviations: rAAV, recombinant adeno-associated virus (vector); IGF-I, insulin-like growth factor I; FGF-2, basic fibroblast growth factor; TGF-β, transforming growth factor beta; lacZ, Escherichia coli β-galactosidase gene; ASCs, adipose-derived stromal cells (progenitors); MSCs, mesenchymal stromal cells (progenitors); -, not applicable; OCD, osteochondral defect; s.c., subcutaneous; CD, chondral defect; N/A, not announced; PG, proteoglycans.