Table 1.

The importance of the exosomal cargo in the brain metastatic process.

Exosomal Origin	Exosomal Cargo	Role in Brain Metastatic Process	References
Multiple myeloma	miR-135b	promotes neoangiogenesis in the primary tumor	Umezu et al. [29]
Breast cancer	miR122	↓ glucose uptake of normal brain cells	Fong et al. [40]
Normal astrocytic cells	PTEN targeting miR19a	↓ PTEN expression in brain metastatic tumor cells	Zhang et al. [44]
Non-small cell lung cancer	lnc-MMP2-2	destroys the tight junctions of the BBB	Wu et al. [48]
Breast cancer	microRNA 181c	destroys the BBB by modulating the actin dynamics	Tominaga et al. [53]
Breast cancer	miR105	destroys the endothelial cell barrier by down-regulating ZO-1 tight junctions	Lokody et al. [55]
Breast cancer	lncRNA GS1-600G8.5	disrupts the BBB by targeting the tight junction proteins	Lu et al. [57]
Breast cancer	miR-503	induces the release of tumoral growth factors and microglial reprograming leading to immune suppression	Xing et al. [58]
Lung cancer	Vimentin	vimentin expression ↑ in the metastatic stage and induces epithelial–mesenchymal transition	Rahman et al. [15]
Lung and breast cancer	CEMIP	induces a proinflammatory vascular niche, promoting metastasis	Rodrigues et al. [59]
Lung cancer SCLC	S100A16	improves the survival of SCLC metastatic cells inside the cerebrum	Xu et al. [46]
Lung cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, melanoma, pancreatic cancer, gastroesophageal cancer, bladder cancer	RNU6-1	regulates tumoral growth rate	Puigdelloses et al. [61]