Table 4.
Lacunar syndrome: correspondence with imaging findings.
| Reference | Cohort | Lacunar Syndrome, n (%) | Cortical Syndrome, n (%) | RSSI/NonLacunar Syndrome, n (%) | Non-RSSI/Lacunar Syndrome, n (%) | Lacunar Syndrome/DWI Negative, n (%) | Cortical Syndrome/DWI Negative, (%) | Lacunar Syndrome Positive Predictive Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Potter, 2010 [147] | 313 | 79 (25) | 136 (43) | 21/93 (23) | 7/44 (16) | 35/79 (44) | 43/136 (32) | 46% ° 84% °° |
| Ay, 1999 [148] | 62 | 62 (100) | - | - | 10/62 (16) | 9/62 (14) | - | 68% |
| Stapf, 2000 [149] | 54 | 54 (100) | - | - | 3/54 (6) | 0/54 (0) | - | 94% |
| Lindgren, 2000 [150] | 23 | 23 (100) | - | - | 2/23 (8) | 1/23 (4) | - | 86% |
| Seifert, 2005 [151] | 93 | 41 (44) | POCS (39) PACS (15) TACS (1) |
15/93 (16) | - | - | - | 44% ^ 83% ^^ |
| Wessels, 2005 [152] | 73 | 73 (100) | - | - | 30/73 (38) | 0/73 (0) | - | 58% |
| Arboix, 2010 * [153] | 879 | 879 (100) | - | - | 146/879 (17) | - | - | 83% |
| Altmann, 2014 [154] | 119 | 119 (100) | - | - | 16/119 (13) | 17/86 (20) | - | 60% · 65% ·· |
| Giacomozzi, 2019 [155] | 1796 | 478 (26) | 1313 (74) | 346/1313 (26) | 104/478 (21) | - | - | 78% |
| Arba, 2020 ** [156] | 568 | 330 (58) | 238 (42) | 59/238 (25) | 102/330 (31) | - | - | 25% *** 75% **** |
* Diagnostic imaging was MRI (41%) and CT (59%); ** CT scan as follow-up imaging; *** worst-case scenario (negative CT scan considered as non-RSSI); **** best-case scenario (negative CT scan considered as RSSI). Adding NIHSS < 7 to lacunar syndrome improved the positive predictive value to 97% for both worst- and best-case scenarios. ° Worst-case scenario (negative DWI considered as non-RSSI). °° Values only considering DWI-confirmed stroke. ^ Values including only LACS. ^^ Values including both LACS and POCS. · Values including both MRI and CT follow-up imaging. ·· Values including only MRI follow-up imaging. LACS: lacunar syndrome; POCS: posterior occlusion circulation syndrome; TACS: total anterior circulation syndrome. Modified from Potter et al., 2010 [147].