Figure 2.

Effects of galangin on the Sirt1/PGC-1α/Nrf2 pathway and upregulation of antioxidant genes (HO-1) in HS68 cells exposed to UVB/H₂O₂. (A) HS68 cells were treated with different concentrations of galangin for 24 h. (B) The binding of Ub with Nrf2 was detected using immunoprecipitation under different concentrations of galangin for 24 h. (C,D) HS68 cells were exposed to H₂O₂ (200 μM) or UVB (40 mJ/cm²) and then co-treated with galangin at a specific concentration (30 μM). Protein levels of Sirt1, PGC-1α, Nrf2, p-Nrf2, and HO-1 were detected by Western blot. Values shown are means ± SE. Quantification of the results is shown (n = 3) * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. untreated control cells; ^# p < 0.05, ^### p < 0.001 vs. H₂O₂/UVB-treated cells.