Mutations, modifications, and structural elements of SOD1. The crystal structure of SOD1WT is shown in the top panel (pdb: 2V0A)830 with the zinc binding loop, loop IV, spanning residues 49–84 (yellow) and the electrostatic loop, loop VII, spanning residues 122–143 (orange). The most prevalent ALS associated mutations are shown on the left monomer (green),829 and three SOD1 destabilizing post-translational modifications are shown on the right monomer (green).814 The bottom panel shows a possible trimeric structure of SOD1 modeled by Procter et al.753 The authors designed the figure with Pymol.254