Table 3.
List of Seven Inhibitors for AD, PD, T2D, and ALS
| N0 | Compound | Alzheimer | Parkinson | Type II Diabetes | ALS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Astaxanthin (Experiments/Computations) | Inhibits Aβ (cell viability assay, ThT, TEM, neurite outgrowth assay/docking, MD, REMD, linear interaction energy) | Inhibits αS (cell viability assay, indirect immunofluorescence microscopy, mitochondrial membrane potential, immunohistochemistry, immunoblot analysis/N/A) | Increases insulin concentration (Immunodetection, 2-deoxy-glucose uptake, ROS detection, /N/A) | Inhibits SOD1 (immunocytochemistry, neurite outgrowth assay, photomicrographs/N/A) |
| 2 | Brazilin (Experiments/Computations) | Remodels Aβ fibrils (cell viability assay, CD, ThT assay, TEM/docking, MD) | Inhibits αS (AFM, cell viability assay, fluorescein–propidium iodide double staining assay, ThT assay/MD, binding energy) | Inhibits hIAPP (cell viability assay, CD, ThT assay, TEM, /MD) | N/A |
| 3 | Curcumin (Experiments/Computations) | Blocks Aβ oligomers (cell viability assay, free radical assay, TEM,/docking, MD, free energy perturbation) | Prevents formation of αS oligomers and fibrils (aggregation assay, apoptosis study, cell uptake study, cell viability assay, in vivo bioavailability study, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, Western blot analysis, /N/A) | Inhibits hIAPP (DLS/DMD) | Inhibits SOD1 (AFM, ATR-FTIR, DLS, ThT assay, TEM, MTT metabolic assay, Rayleigh scattering/docking, steered MD simulations) |
| 4 | Dopamine (Experiments/Computations) | Inhibits Aβ fibrils (AFM, light scattering, TEM, size-exclusion HPLC, MS/MD, REMD) | Inhibits Aβ and αS (AFM, light scattering, TEM, size-exclusion HPLC, MS, /MD) | Inhibits hIAPP protofilbrils (ESI-IMS-MS, ThT assay, TEM,/MD, REMD) | Inhibits SOD1 (aggregation assay, X-ray crystallography, small-angle X-ray scattering,/docking, MD) |
| 5 | EGCG (Experiments/Computations) | Remodels Aβ oligomers (aggregation assay, cell viability assay, CD, dot blot assay, DLS, nitroblue tetrazolium staining, size-exclusion chromatography, ThT, EM, /MD, REMD) | Inhibits αS (aggregation assay, cell viability assay, CD spectroscopy, dot blot assay, DLS, nitroblue tetrazolium staining, EM, size-exclusion chromatography, NMR, ThT/docking, REMD) | Remodels hIAPP fibrils (ESI-IM-MS, fibril depolymerization, ThT assay, TEM, /MD, REMD) | Inhibits SOD1 aggregation (ANS assay, collision induced unfolding, ESI-IM-MS, ThT assay, VC50 experiment, /docking, steered MD simulations) |
| 6 | Resveratrol (Experiments/Computations) | Reduces Aβ aggregation (aggregation assay, Bio-Rad protein assay/DMD) | Inhibits αS (cell viability assay, fibril formation assay, size-exclusion chromatography, CD, TEM/MD) | Inhibits hIAPP (DLS/DMD) | Inhibit SOD1 (aggregation assay, ESI-MS, MS, ThT assay/docking, DMD simulations, quantum mechanics calculation) |
| 7 | Rosmarinic Acid (Experiments/Computations) | Blocks Aβ oligomerization (AFM, cell viability assay, oligomer size distributions, electrophysiology, NMR, size-exclusion chromatography/docking) | Inhibits αS oligomerrization (AFM, CD, chemical cross-linking, size-exclusion, ThT, EM, chromatography, NMR, electrophysiology/MD) | Inhibits insulin (CD, NMR, ThT assay, TEM/docking) | Extends survival of rats having SOD1 (G93A) |