Aβ	Amyloid Beta Peptide
AD	Alzheimer’s disease
APE1	apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease
APP	amyloid-beta precursor protein
BER	base excision repair
COX	cytochrome C oxidase
CR	calorie restriction
HD	Huntington’s disease
HSP	heat shock proteins
IFN-γ	Interferon-gamma
IL-4	Interleukin 4
iPS	induced pluripotent stem cells
JAK	Janus Kinase
MECP2	methyl-CpG-binding domain-containing-protein 2
MELAS	Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes
MERCS	mitochondria and ER contact sites
MRPS5	mitochondrial ribosomal protein
MQC	mitochondrial quality control
NF-κB	nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
NFT	neurofibrillary tangles
NSAIDs	non-steroid-anti-inflammatory-drugs
OXPHOS	oxidative phosphorylation system
PD	Parkinson’s disease
PINK1	PTEN-inducible putative kinase 1
ram	ribosomal ambiguity
ROS	reactive oxygen species
STAT	signal transducers and activators of transcription
TGF-β	Transforming growth factor-beta
TNF-α	tumour necrosis factor-alpha
UPRmt	mitochondrial unfolded protein response
UPS	ubiquitin/26S proteasome system
VCAM-1	vascular cell adhesion molecule-1