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. 2022 Jan 27;23(3):1440. doi: 10.3390/ijms23031440

Figure 6.

Figure 6

Effect of Toll-like receptor 4 inhibition on cytokine release from cortical microglia. Microglia were cultured overnight in medium containing 10% of serum, which was replaced with serum-free medium before pretreatment with curcumin (Curc, 10 μM), ciprofloxacin (CPFX, 100 μg/mL), or L48H37 (10 μM) for 1 h followed by stimulation with LPS (100 ng/mL) or C-PC (100 μg/mL) for 16 h. Supernatant were collected and analyzed for IL-1β (A) and TNF-α (B) content. Data are means ± SEM (n = 3 in triplicate). * p ˂ 0.05, ** p ˂ 0.01, and *** p ˂ 0.001 versus control cells. ° p ˂ 0.05 and °°° p ˂ 0.001 versus LPS or C-PC treatment. One-way ANOVA followed by Holm–Sidak’s test.