Extracellular vesicle total RNA concentration in serum and CSF samples from healthy controls (HealthCtl), hospitalized controls (HospCtl), CIS-remission patients (CIS), RRMS-relapse patients (RRMS), and viral inflammation patients (VI). Individual values and mean ± standard error of the mean are given. (A) Serum EV total RNA concentration. One-way ANOVA of group yielded a significant effect (F(4, 74) = 3.676, p = 0.0001). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, **** p < 0.0001, post-hoc Tukey’s test. (B) Total RNA concentration of serum and CSF EVs from RRMS patients. ** p = 0.007, paired two-tailed Student’s t-test.