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. 2022 Jan 26;23(3):1415. doi: 10.3390/ijms23031415

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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3D printing/bioprinting system with a coaxial nozzle. This is an example of alginate and cells (first syringe) being printed with CaCl₂ (second syringe) on a Z-shaped platform from the coaxial nozzle in a CaCl₂ liquid bath [74]. Adapted with permission from Elsevier, 2015.