Table 1.

Main cell sources that secrete osteoanabolic EVs and the identified cargo mediating bone regeneration in different mice models of bone disease.

EVs Source	Bioactive Cargo	Disease Model	Target Molecule-Pathway	Target Process	Ref.
BM-MSCs	miR-335	Bone fracture	VAPB-WNT/β-CATENIN	↓ Osteoclastogenesis & ↑ Osteogenesis	[35]
	miR-25	Bone fracture	SMURF1-RUNX2	↑ Osteogenesis	[36]
	NID1	Femoral defects	Myosin-10	↑ Angiogenesis	[37]
	mir-29a	Wild type mice	VASH1	↑ Angiogenesis & ↑ Osteogenesis	[38]
Aged BM-MSCs	mir-128-3p	Bone fracture	SMAD5	↓ Osteogenesis	[39]
UC-MSCs	miR-1263	Disuse OP	MOB1-HIPPO	↓ Apoptosis	[40]
	miR-21	GIONFH	PTEN-PI3K/AKT	↓ Apoptosis	[41]
	miR-365a-5p	GIONFH	SAV1-HIPPO	↑ Osteogenesis	[42]
	miR-3960	Senile OP	unknown	↑ Osteogenesis & ↑ Osteoclastogenesis	[43]
	CLEC11A	OVX-OP, Disuse OP, Senile OP	unknown	↑ Osteogenesis & ↓ Osteoclastogenesis	[44]
Hypoxia-UC-MSCs	mir-126	Bone fracture	SPRED-1	↑ Angiogenesis	[45]
ECs	miR-126	Distraction osteogenesis	SPRED-1	↑ Osteogenesis & ↑ Angiogenesis	[24]
	miR-155	OVX-OP	Spi1, Mitf, Socs1	↓ Osteoclastogenesis	[46]