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. 2022 Feb 4;23(3):1792. doi: 10.3390/ijms23031792

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(a) DLS patterns of the PAA-UGONs and GlcN-PAA-UGONs in aqueous media and the log-normal function fits to the observed DLS patterns to estimate the a_avg values. (b) Zeta potential curves of the PAA-UGONs and GlcN-PAA-UGONs in aqueous media. (c) Photographs of the PAA-UGONs (left) and GlcN-PAA-UGONs (right) in aqueous media, exhibiting excellent colloidal stability without nanoparticle precipitation after synthesis (>1 year). (d) Tyndall effect (light scattering by colloids), confirming the colloidal dispersion of the PAA-UGONs (middle vial) and GlcN-PAA-UGONs (right vial) in aqueous media, whereas no such light scattering was observed in the triple-distilled water (left vial). Arrows indicate laser light scattering by nanoparticle colloids.