Table 4.
Awareness of risk factors for head and neck cancers by sociodemographic factors (n = 1082).
| Risk Factors for Head and Neck Cancers—Percentage of Respondents Who Answered “Yes” by Sociodemographic Factors | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Excessive Alcohol Consumption | Smoking Cigarettes/Tobacco | HPV Infection | Excessive Sunbathing | Diet Low in Fruits | |||||
| n (%) | p | n (%) | p | n (%) | p | n (%) | p | n (%) | p | |
| Gender | ||||||||||
| Female (n = 569) | 194 (34.1%) | 0.7 | 370 (65.0%) | 0.2 | 196 (34.4%) | 0.2 | 163 (28.6%) | 0.6 | 86 (15.1%) | 0.6 |
| Male (n = 513) | 170 (33.1%) | 313 (61.0%) | 156 (30.4%) | 140 (27.3%) | 83 (16.2%) | |||||
| Age (years) | ||||||||||
| 18–34 (n = 350) | 119 (34.0%) | 0.9 | 201 (57.4%) | 0.06 | 110 (31.4%) | 0.9 | 106 (30.3%) | 0.6 | 56 (16.0%) | 0.1 |
| 35–49 (n = 286) | 98 (34.3%) | 189 (66.1%) | 96 (33.6%) | 72 (25.2%) | 36 (12.6%) | |||||
| 50–64 (n = 287) | 92 (32.1%) | 186 (64.8%) | 94 (32.8%) | 81 (28.2%) | 43 (15.0%) | |||||
| 65+ (n = 159) | 55 (34.6%) | 107 (67.3%) | 52 (32.7%) | 44 (27.7%) | 34 (21.4%) | |||||
| Marital status | ||||||||||
| single (n = 236) | 88 (37.3%) | 0.6 | 140 (59.3%) | 0.03 | 69 (29.2%) | 0.6 | 71 (30.1%) | 0.03 | 38 (16.1%) | 0.2 |
| married (n = 546) | 174 (31.9%) | 356 (65.2%) | 186 (34.1%) | 161 (29.5%) | 92 (16.8%) | |||||
| informal relationship (n = 161) | 60 (37.3%) | 106 (65.8%) | 55 (34.2%) | 46 (28.6%) | 20 (12.4%) | |||||
| divorced (n = 65) | 26 (40.0%) | 45 (69.2%) | 22 (33.8%) | 16 (24.6%) | 13 (20.0%) | |||||
| widowed (n = 74) | 16 (21.6%) | 36 (48.6%) | 20 (27.0%) | 9 (12.2%) | 6 (8.1%) | |||||
| Children | ||||||||||
| Yes (n = 697) | 232 (33.3%) | 0.7 | 453 (65.0%) | 0.09 | 237 (34.0%) | 0.2 | 190 (27.3%) | 0.5 | 109 (15.6%) | 0.9 |
| No (n = 385) | 132 (34.3%) | 230 (59.7%) | 115 (29.9%) | 113 (29.4%) | 60 (15.6%) | |||||
| Place of residence | ||||||||||
| rural (n = 343) | 106 (30.9%) | 0.2 | 207 (60.3%) | 0.4 | 111 (32.4%) | 0.05 | 102 (29.7%) | 0.7 | 62 (18.1%) | 0.6 |
| city with below 20,000 residents (n = 130) | 41 (31.5%) | 81 (62.3%) | 39 (30.0%) | 34 (26.2%) | 17 (13.1%) | |||||
| city with from 20,000 to 99,999 residents (n = 238) | 77 (32.4%) | 147 (61.8%) | 63 (26.5%) | 59 (24.8%) | 34 (14.3%) | |||||
| city with from 100,000 to 499,999 residents (n = 164) | 83 (40.1%) | 136 (65.7%) | 82 (39.6%) | 62 (30.0%) | 29 (14.0%) | |||||
| city with over 500,000 residents | 57 (34.8%) | 112 (68.3%) | 57 (34.8%) | 46 (28.0%) | 27 (16.5%) | |||||
| Educational level | ||||||||||
| primary (n = 36) | 11 (30.6%) | 0.01 | 20 (55.6%) | 0.04 | 7 (19.4%) | 0.04 | 2 (5.6%) | 0.02 | 5 (13.9%) | 0.9 |
| vocational (n = 93) | 20 (21.5%) | 50 (53.8%) | 25 (26.9%) | 25 (26.9%) | 13 (14.0%) | |||||
| secondary (n = 492) | 158 (32.1%) | 303 (61.6%) | 151 (30.7%) | 138 (28.0%) | 75 (15.2%) | |||||
| higher (n = 461) | 175 (38.0%) | 310 (67.2%) | 169 (36.7%) | 138 (29.9%) | 76 (16.5%) | |||||
| Occupational status | ||||||||||
| active (n = 666) | 231 (34.7%) | 0.4 | 413 (62.0%) | 0.3 | 229 (34.4%) | 0.1 | 187 (28.1%) | 0.9 | 100 (15.0%) | 0.5 |
| passive (n = 416) | 133 (32.0%) | 270 (64.9%) | 123 (29.6%) | 116 (27.9%) | 69 (16.6%) | |||||
| Self-reported financial situation | ||||||||||
| good or very good (n = 165) | 60 (36.4%) | 0.1 | 106 (64.2%) | 0.06 | 50 (30.3%) | 0.3 | 57 (34.5%) | 0.08 | 25 (15.2%) | 0.8 |
| rather good (n = 307) | 115 (37.5%) | 209 (68.1%) | 114 (37.1%) | 89 (29.0%) | 47 (15.3%) | |||||
| moderate/difficult to say (n = 411) | 136 (33.1%) | 248 (60.3%) | 123 (29.9%) | 111 (27.0%) | 63 (15.3%) | |||||
| rather bad (n = 97) | 25 (25.8%) | 65 (67.0%) | 29 (29.9%) | 27 (27.8%) | 14 (14.4%) | |||||
| bad or very bad (n = 102) | 28 (27.5%) | 55 (53.9%) | 36 (35.5%) | 19 (18.6%) | 20 (19.6%) | |||||