Table 5.

Factors associated with awareness of selected symptoms of head and neck cancers: Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI), n = 1082.

	Factors Associated with Awareness of Selected Symptoms of Head and Neck Cancers
Variable	Lump in Neck		Swelling or Lump in the Throat		Chronic Hoarseness		Numbness of Tongue, Mouth or Lip		Blocked Nose on One Side
	Univariate Logistic Regression	Multivariate Logistic Regression	Univariate Logistic Regression	Multivariate Logistic Regression	Univariate Logistic Regression	Multivariate Logistic Regression	Univariate Logistic Regression	Multivariate Logistic Regression	Univariate Logistic Regression	Multivariate Logistic Regression
Overall	OR (95%CI)	OR (95%CI)	OR (95%CI)	OR (95%CI)	OR (95%CI)	OR (95%CI)	OR (95%CI)	OR (95%CI)	OR (95%CI)	OR (95%CI)
Gender
Female	1.42 (1.11–1.80) **	1.43 (1.11–1.83) **	1.50 (1.18–1.90) **	1.56 (1.22–2.00) ***	1.71 (1.33–2.19) ***	1.66 (1.28–2.14) ***	1.51 (1.17–1.94) **	1.46 (1.13–1.90) **	0.93 (0.65–1.34)	0.97 (0.67–1.40)
Male	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Age (years)
18–34	1.50 (1.03–2.18) *	1.45 (0.90–2.33)	0.95 (0.66–1.39)	0.66 (0.41–1.07)	0.62 (0.42–0.92) *	0.68 (0.42–1.11)	1.23 (0.82–1.83)	1.29 (0.79–2.12)	1.73 (0.92–3.23)	1.17 (0.54–2.53)
35–49	1.28 (0.87–1.89)	1.24 (0.77–1.99)	0.82 (0.56–1.21)	0.59 (0.37–0.96) *	0.79 (0.53–1.18)	0.83 (0.51–1.36)	0.94 (0.62–1.43)	1.02 (0.62–1.68)	1.68 (0.89–3.20)	1.18 (0.55–2.53)
50–64	1.25 (0.85–1.85)	1.20 (0.78–1.85)	1.01 (0.68–1.49)	0.83 (0.54–1.28)	1.20 (0.81–1.78)	1.22 (0.78–1.89)	1.38 (0.91–2.07)	1.43 (0.91–2.26)	1.35 (0.70–2.60)	1.12 (0.54–2.32)
65+	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Marital status
ever married	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
never married	1.07 (0.84–1.38)	1.01 (0.71–1.43)	1.21 (0.95–1.56)	1.59 (1.11–2.27) *	0.71 (0.55–92) *	1.12 (0.78–1.61)	1.04 (0.80–1.35)	1.17 (0.81–1.69)	1.67 (1.16–2.39) **	1.89 (1.15–3.10) *
Children
Yes	0.95 (0.74–1.22)	1.00 (0.70–1.42)	0.99 (0.78–1.28)	1.17 (0.82–1.66)	1.56 (1.20–2.02) **	1.33 (0.93–1.92)	1.03 (0.79–1.34)	1.13 (0.78–1.63)	0.83 (0.57–1.20)	1.32 (0.80–2.20)
No	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Place of residence
rural	0.99 (0.68–1.45)	1.00 (0.68–1.49)	0.82 (0.56–1.19)	1.00 (0.68–1.48)	0.75 (0.52–1.10)	0.91 (0.61–1.35)	0.95 (0.64–1.39)	1.01 (0.67–1.51)	0.79 (0.46–1.36)	0.85 (0.48–1.49)
city with below 20,000 residents	1.15 (0.72–1.84)	1.16 (0.72–1.87)	0.88 (0.55–1.40)	1.00 (0.62–1.61)	0.97 (0.61–1.54)	1.11 (0.69–1.80)	0.83 (0.51–1.35)	0.86 (0.52–1.42)	0.76 (0.38–1.52)	0.78 (0.38–1.58)
city with from 20,000 to 99,999 residents	1.01 (0.68–1.51)	1.01 (0.67–1.53)	0.87 (0.59–1.30)	0.92 (0.61–1.38)	0.65 (0.43–0.97) *	0.66 (0.43–0.99) *	0.81 (0.54–1.24)	0.81 (0.53–1.24)	0.78 (0.43–1.40)	0.81 (0.45–1.48)
city from 100,000 to 499,999 with residents	1.03 (0.68–1.56)	1.01 (0.67–1.55)	0.83 (0.55–1.25)	0.87 (0.57–1.32)	0.70 (0.46–1.06)	0.72 (0.46–1.10)	0.96 (0.63–1.48)	0.95 (0.62–1.47)	0.95 (0.53–1.71)	0.94 (0.52–1.71)
city with over 500,000 residents	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Higher education
yes	1.25 (0.98–1.60)	1.22 (0.95–1.58)	1.58 (1.24–2.01) ***	1.57 (1.22–2.03) ***	1.36 (1.06–1.74) *	1.42 (1.09–1.84) **	1.18 (0.92–1.52)	1.24 (0.95–1.61)	1.64 (1.14–2.35) **	1.59 (1.09–2.30) *
no	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Occupational status
active	1.13 (0.88–1.45)	1.00 (0.74–1.35)	1.15 (0.90–1.46)	1.24 (0.92–1.67)	0.85 (0.66–1.09)	0.87 (0.64–1.18)	0.88 (0.70–1.13)	0.81 (0.60–1.10)	1.60 (1.08–2.37) *	1.39 (0.87–2.20)
passive	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Self-reported financial situation
rather good, good or very good	1.44 (1.03–2.01) *	1.36 (0.68–1.49)	1.45 (1.04–2.02) *	1.38 (0.98–1.95)	1.25 (0.89–1.77)	1.32 (0.92–1.89)	1.30 (0.91–1.86)	1.32 (0.91–1.90)	0.96 (0.59–1.57)	0.86 (0.52–1.42)
moderate/difficult to say	1.08 (0.77–1.52)	1.04 (0.74–1.47)	1.18 (0.84–1.66)	1.17 (0.82–1.65)	1.15 (0.81–1.65)	1.23 (0.85–1.78)	1.32 (0.92–1.90)	1.36 (0.93–1.97)	0.84 (0.51–1.40)	0.80 (0.48–1.34)
rather bad, bad or very bad	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference

* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001.