Table 1.
Preclinical studies nano-based strategy to overcome DR in LC.
| Type of Nanomedicine | Drug Load | Targets | Cells/Cancer | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCL-SS-PMAA micelles | CIS/PTX | pH/redox responsive | In vitro NCI-H358 LC cells | [38] |
| Magnetic NPs | Manganese dioxide | Redox responsive/radiosensitive | In vitro hypoxic-induced gefitinib-resistant PC9 human LC cells (PC9GR) | [39] |
| cRGDyK-SPCS micelles | PTX | pH responsive/protein targeting | In vitro Luc-A549 LC cells and in vivo Luc-A549 cells implanted subcutaneously into the right upper flanks of a female nude mouse |
[40] |
| Mesoporous silica nanoparticle decorated with PD-L1 antibody (ARAC) | Volasertib | Immune cells modulation | In vivo LLC-JSP murine LC cells (200K) inoculated in right flank of C57BL/6 female mice |
[41] |
| PLGA NPs | DOX/Cyclosporin | P-gp | In vitro PTX-resistant LC A549 cell line (A549-Taxol) and in vivo A549-Taxol cells implanted subcutaneously into female BALB/c mice | [60] |
| TPGS1000-TPP | Paclitaxel | P-gp and mitochondrial targeting | In vitro CIS-resistant human LC cells, A549/cDDP cells and in vivo A549/cDDP xenografts subcutaneously injected into female BALB/c nude | [62] |
| Graphene | TRAIL + DOX | FADD | Human LC | [198] |
| Gold | Gefitinib | EGFR | LC (in vitro) | [199] |
| Gold | Erlotinib | EGFR | Human adenocarcinoma and NSCLC (in vitro) | [200] |
| Liposomal | Erlotinib DOX |
EGFR | Human breast and LC | [201] |
| Liposomal | siRNA (MRP1/BCL2) DOX |
MRP1/BCL2 | Human LC | [187] |
| Liposomal | Lonidamine + epirubicin (in a separate liposomal formulation) | Mitochondrial hexokinase | Human LC | [202] |
| Liposomal | TRAIL + DOX (in separate NPs) | FADD | Human LC | [203] |
| Nanoliposomes in combination with radiation therapy | CIS (CDDP), radiation therapy | CIS alkylating and crosslinking DNA, sensation to radiation lesions | Human Lewis lung carcinoma A549 cells subcutaneously inoculated into C57BL/6N mice, n ivivo model | [204] |
| LCP NPs | siRNA (c-Myc) Gemcitabine monophosphate |
c-Myc | Human LC | [205] |
| LCP NPs | SiRNA (VEGF) Gemcitabine monophosphate |
VEGF | Human LC | [206] |
| (MPEG-PCL) micelles | CUR + DOX | ABC pumps/NF-κB | Murine LC | [207] |
| Polymeric micelles | Paclitaxel and survivin shRNA, which down-regulate survivin gene expression by RNA interference | Co-delivery of drug and gene-enhanced antitumor effect | LC | [208] |
| PLGA NPs | Cyclosporin A + DOX | P-gp | Human LC | [60] |
| PEG-PLA NPs | Gefitinib, cyclosporin A | EGFR | LC | [209] |
| PEG 1000 succinate-containing micellar NPs | PTX, fluorouracil (5-FU) | Inhibition of P-gp, inhibition of cell division by PTX, irreversible inhibition of thymidylate synthase, synergism of PTX/5-FU | H460/TaxR human NSCLC overexpressing P-gp in vitro mode | [210] |
| SHR-A1403 Polymeric NPs | Anti-c-Met monoclonal antibody (c-Met mAb) conjugated to a micro-tubule inhibitor | c-Met | Non-small cell LC cells | [211] |
| PCL-SS-PMAA: Poly(ε-caprolactone)-SS-poly(methacrylic acid), cRGDyK-SPCS: micelles N-succinyl-palmitoyl-chitosan decorated with cRGDyK peptide, TPGS1000-TPP: liposomes decorated with d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate-triphenylphosphine, PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase, EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor, VEGFR: vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, BCL2: B-cell lymphoma 2, LCP: lipid/calcium/phosphate, MPEG-PCL: methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(caprolactone), PEG-PLA: polyethylene glycol-block-poly(D, L-lactic acid), MDR1: multidrug resistance 1, MRP1: multidrug resistance-associated protein, FADD: Fas-associated protein with death domain, TRAIL: tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, BCL2: B-cell lymphoma 2; siRNA: small interferin RNA | ||||