Table 3.
Pooled analysis of the baseline characteristics, including all the available aggregate data. Individual data was aggregated prior to this analysis according to the two-stage method and was subsequently counted as one study. The number of total studies included in the analysis is displayed. The means and the 95% confidence interval are derived from the random effects model. The level of heterogeneity was expressed by I2 together with the 95% confidence interval.
| Baseline Characteristics | Mean (95%-CI) | I2 (95%-CI) | Number of Studies | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 58.8 (54.8; 62.9) | 85.6% (75.9%; 91.4%) | 11 | |
| Female (%) | 34.0 (29.5; 40.4) | 0.0% (0.0%; 36.0%) | 14 | |
| Critical disease (LEOSS) (%) | 23.3 (8.9; 61.2) | 53.8% (0.0%; 83.0%) | 5 | |
| ECMO (%) | 27.5 (5.8; 130.2) | 92.7% (82.0%; 97.0%) | 3 | |
| Anticoagulation (%) | 62.7 (38.2; 103.0) | 82.6% (55.3%; 93.2%) | 4 | |
| Time from COVID-19 diagnosis to ICH diagnosis (days) | 21.5 (14.9; 28.0) | 92.3% (86.0%; 95.8%) | 6 | |
| Non-neurological symptoms | Fever (%) | 36.6 (19.9; 63.5) | 71.0% (17.3%; 89.9%) | 4 |
| Respiratory symptoms (%) | 60.9 (41.2; 90.0) | 64.0% (0.0%; 87.8%) | 4 | |
| Myalgia/arthralgia (%) | 7.0 (3.8; 13.1) | NA | 1 | |
| Malaise (%) | 8.5 (4.8; 14.9) | NA | 1 | |
| Neurological symptoms | Focal neurological deficits (%) | 23.8 (16.8; 33.8) | 16.4% (0.0%; 82.6%) | 5 |
| Altered level of consciousness (%) | 57.3 (39.9; 82.3) | 45.0% (0.0%; 79.8%) | 5 | |
| Encephalopathy (%) | 24.4 (7.4; 80.1) | 90.5% (78.7%; 95.8%) | 4 | |
| Headache (%) | 13.9 (8.5; 20.1) | 0% (NA) | 2 | |
| Anisocoria (%) | 20.4 (14.2; 29.4) | NA | 1 | |
| Seizure (%) | 8.4 (4.6; 15.4) | 21.6% (0.0%; 67.1%); | 5 | |
| ICH | IPH (%) | 33.7 (23.2; 48.8) | 63.7% (30.6%; 81.0%) | 11 |
| SAH (%) | 26.6 (16.8; 42.0) | 61.2% (27.2%; 79.3%) | 12 | |
| SDH/EDH (%) | 12.6 (4.4; 35.9) | 84.0% (66.7%; 92.3%) | 6 | |
| Microbleeds (%) | 54.7 (34.4; 87.1) | 84.5% (73.8%; 87.1%) | 11 | |
| Lobar microbleeds | 1.3 (0.3–5.2) | NA | 2 | |
| Deep microbleeds | 8.8 (2.3–28.2) | 72.2 (30.1–89.0) | 5 | |
| Mixed location microbleeds | 35.6 (19.3–65.6) | 82.4 (66.5–90.7) | 8 | |
| Not given | 44.7 (29.5–67.7) | 47.4 (0.0–79.2) | 6 | |
| IVH (%) | 5.9 (3.0; 11.6) | 2.7% (NA) | 2 | |
| HT/PH of IS (%) | 9.2 (2.2; 39.1) | 80.0% (36.7%; 93.7%) | 3 | |
| SVT with hemorrhage (%) | 2.9 (1.2; 7.1) | 0% (NA) | 2 | |
| Other (%) | 46.2 (25.2; 84.8) | 76.4% (50.3%; 88.7%) | 7 | |
| Multilocular ICH, not further specified (%) | 23.0 (6.1; 0.87.0) | 83.8% (59.0%; 93.6%) | 4 | |
| Laboratory values | White blood cells (×109/L) | 13.1 (6.6; 19.5) | 97.4% (95.5%; 98.5%) | 4 |
| Platelet count (×109/L) | 222.9 (193.9; 251.8) | 63.9% (12.7%; 85.1%) | 6 | |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 228.1 (200.1; 256.0) | 0% (NA) | 2 | |
| INR | 1.4 (1.1; 1.6) | 93.7% (87.0%; 96.9%) | 4 | |
| apTT (s) | 45.5 (34.2; 56.7) | 98.3% (97.2%; 98.9%) | 4 | |
| D-dimer (mg/L) | 8.2 (1.8; 14.6) | 98.1% (96.5%; 99.0%) | 3 | |