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. 2022 Jan 20;11(3):524. doi: 10.3390/jcm11030524

Table 1.

Reported cardiovascular, respiratory and nervous post-COVID-19 complications.

System Involved Symptoms Monitoring System
Cardiovascular complications
  • ↑ Resting rates

  • Palpitation

  • Elevation in the blood pressure

  • Pericardial chest pain

  • Chest tightness

  • T2 signal and positive LGE

  • Myocardial edema

  • Pericardial effusion

  • Diastolic dysfunction

  • Pulmonary hypertension

  • Non-specific patterns of capillary abnormalities

  • Hemosiderin deposits

  • Cardiac arrhythmias

  • Echocardiogram

  • Electrocardiogram

  • CMR

Respiratory complications
  • Breathlessness/dyspnea/tachypnea

  • Cough

  • Lung function abnormalities (↓ FEV1, ↓ FEV1/FVC)

  • Pulmonary fibrosis

  • Interstitial thickening crazy paving

  • Residual ground-glass opacity

  • Abnormal diffusion

  • Pulmonary embolism

  • Pneumonia

  • Pulse oximetry

  • 6MWT

  • PFTs

  • Chest X-ray

    High-resolution computed tomography of the chest

  • Computed tomography pulmonary angiogram

Nervous system complications
  • Post-traumatic stress disorder

  • Depression or anxiety

  • Memory problems

  • Insomnia

  • Sleeping disturbance

  • Cognitive impairment and concentration problem

  • Stigma

  • Headaches

  • Muscle weakness

  • Dizziness

  • Critical illness neuropathy

  • Residual smelling disorder

  • Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy

  • Standard screening tools

CMR: Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance; FEV1: Forced Expiratory Volume 1; FVC: Forced Vital Capacity; LGE: Late Gadolinium Enhancement; 6MWT: Six-Minute Walking Test; PFTs: Pulmonary Function Tests; ↑: increased; ↓: decreased.