Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the training cohort.
| Control (n = 36) |
AA (n = 28) |
CRC (n = 18) |
Post Hoc p-Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control vs. AA | Control vs. CRC | AA vs. CRC | ||||
| Age (years) | 53 ± 8 | 60 ± 10 | 67 ± 12 | <0.001 | 0.001 | 0.271 |
| Gender (f/m) | 18/18 | 14/14 | 7/11 | 1.000 | 0.444 | 0.465 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.7 ± 2.8 | 26.6 ± 4.7 | 26.2 ± 3.6 | 0.892 | 0.956 | 1.000 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 95 ± 12 | 97 ± 14 | 99 ± 14 | 0.645 | 0.286 | 0.582 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 98 ± 11 | 103 ± 10 | 100 ± 10 | 0.723 | 0.940 | 0.541 |
| Waist-to-hip-ratio | 0.98 ± 0.19 | 0.95 ± 0.08 | 1.00 ± 0.16 | 0.903 | 0.407 | 0.373 |
| Fatty liver | 0 (0%) | 8 (29%) | 4 (22%) | 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.636 |
| GGT (U/L) | 31.9 ± 27.7 | 48.7 ± 50.2 | 41.4 ± 64.0 | 0.093 | 0.934 | 0.251 |
| AST (U/L) | 21.5 ± 6.4 | 24.2 ± 17.4 | 18.9 ± 7.4 | 0.887 | 0.070 | 0.080 |
| ALT (U/L) | 21.7 ± 9.3 | 25.6 ± 24.2 | 22.2 ± 17.8 | 0.973 | 0.321 | 0.380 |
| FI (µU/mL) | 6.7 ± 3.0 | 7.7 ± 3.8 | 8.9 ± 6.9 | 0.461 | 0.446 | 0.788 |
| FG (mg/dL) | 92.9 ± 6.9 | 100.3 ± 13.2 | 109.9 ± 30.0 | 0.016 | 0.016 | 0.690 |
| HOMA index | 1.5 ± 0.7 | 2.0 ± 1.1 | 2.6 ± 2.8 | 0.157 | 0.069 | 0.574 |
| Diabetes | 0 (0%) | 5 (18%) | 4 (22%) | 0.009 | 0.004 | 0.719 |
| HbA1C (%) | 5.4 ± 0.3 | 6.0 ± 1.7 | 5.7 ± 0.8 | 0.001 | 0.103 | 0.436 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 0.17 ± 0.17 | 0.34 ± 0.35 | 2.80 ± 6.05 | 0.021 | <0.001 | 0.042 |
| Ferritin (ng/mL) | 112 ± 107 | 194 ± 284 | 89 ± 89 | 0.102 | 0.290 | 0.029 |
| Hb (g/dL) | 14.8 ± 1.1 | 14.7 ± 1.1 | 13.1 ± 2.5 | 0.994 | 0.155 | 0.215 |
| TG (mg/L) | 103.5 ± 52.7 | 118.3 ± 59.7 | 87.1 ± 40.0 | 0.182 | 0.569 | 0.110 |
| HDL–C (mg/L) | 60.4 ± 12.3 | 58.9 ± 12.1 | 45.7 ± 12.7 | 0.996 | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| LDL–C (mg/L) | 142.5 ± 33.8 | 141.7 ± 36.7 | 129.3 ± 37.5 | 1.000 | 0.957 | 0.939 |
| Hypertension | 15 (42%) | 16 (57%) | 7 (39%) | 0.223 | 0.846 | 0.232 |
| MetS | 3 (8%) | 3 (11%) | 6 (33%) | 0.748 | 0.021 | 0.062 |
GGT, γ–glutamyl transferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; FI, fasting insulin; FG, fasting glucose; HOMA index, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance; CRP, C-reactive protein; TG, triglyceride; HDL–C/LDL–C, high-density/low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MetS, metabolic syndrome; data are expressed as means ± standard deviation unless otherwise indicated; p-values are assessed by ANOVA (Benjamini–Hochberg or Tamhane post hoc analysis) or Kruskal–Wallis test; p-values < 0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance and are marked in bold.