TABLE 2.
Extracts from natural products induced apoptosis in breast cancer.
| Extracts | Compositions | Detail mechanisms | Cell model | Refs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Upregulation | Downregulation | ||||
| Phaleria macrocarpa compound extract (DLBS1425) (5–50 µg/mL) | Phalerin | PTEN, p21, Bax, Bad, PUMA, activated caspase-9, cleaved PARP | p-Akt, BclxL | MDA-MB-231 | Tandrasasmita et al. (2010) |
| Suillus collinitus methanolic extracts (25.2 ± 0.2 µg/mL) | Protocatechuic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, cinnamic acid | p53, p21, cleaved PARP | Bcl-2, XIAP | MCF-7 | Vaz et al. (2012) |
| Scrophularia oxysepala extracts (0–300 μg/mL) | Verbascosaponin, crokoelziside, isolated from these fractions | Caspase-3 mRNA, caspase-9 mRNA | MCF-7 | Hosseini et al. (2015) | |
| Ethyl acetate extracts of seeds of Momordica cochinchinen (ESMC2) (30, 60, 120 µg/mL) | Hexanoic acid, 2-heptenal, 2,4-nonadiena, 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole, 1-oxaspiro [4,4]nonan-4-one, 5,5-dimethyl-cyclohex-3-en-1-ol, (E,E)-7,11,15, trimethyl-3-methylene-1,6,10,14-tetraene, l-(+), ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexadecanoate, 6-octadecenoic acid, octadecanoic acid, palmitin, octadecanoic acid 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester | p53, Bax, Bak, Bad, cyclin B1, cyclin E, CDC2 | NF-κB, Bcl-2, Mcl-1, p-ERK, p-p38, p-JNK, p-Akt | MDA-MB-231 | Zheng et al. (2015) |
| Momordica cochinchinensis Aril extracts (50, 200, 400 µg/mL) | Lycopene, β-carotene | Bax, activated caspase-6, activated caspase-8, activated caspase-9 | MCF-7 | Petchsak and Sripanidkulchai, (2015) | |
| Extracts from chickpea Cicer arietinum L. sprouts (20, 40, 60 µg/mL) | Ononin isoflavone, biochanin A-7-O-β-D-glucoside isoflavone, formononetin isoflavone, biochanin A isoflavone | Bax, caspase-7, caspase-9, p53, p21 | Bcl-2 MCF-7 | SKBr3 | Chen et al. (2015a) |
| Dillenia suffruticosa dichloromethane root extracts (12.5, 25, 50 μg/mL) | Katonic acid, betulinic acid, koetjapic acid | JNK1 | ERK1, Bcl-2 | MDA-MB-231 | Foo et al. (2016) |
| Green tea polyphenols (200, 300, 400 µg/mL) | Catechins | ROS, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9 | MCF-7 | Liu et al. (2017b) | |
| Fruit peel polyphenolic extracts flavine (F7) (150 µg/mL) | Myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol, rutin, isorhamnetine, catechin, epicatechin, malvidin-3-glucoside, caffeic acid, chrysin, galangin, apigenin, fisetin, luteolin, morin, anthocyanidins, stilbene resveratrol | Bax, cleaved PARP, activated caspase-7 | Bcl-2 | MCF-7 | Kello et al. (2017) |
| Flavonoid compounds from Tephroseris kirilowii (IH:10–40 μM, GN:20–80µM, Aca:50–150 µM) | IH: isorhamnetin, GN: genkwanin, and Aca: acacetin | p53, cleaved caspase-3, LC3-II, ATG5 | p-Cdc2, cyclin B1, Bcl-2, BclxL, PARP1, p62, PI3Kγ-p110, p-PI3K, p-Akt, p-mTOR, p-p70S6K, p-ULK | MDA-MB-231 | Zhang et al. (2018b) |
| Antrodia cinnamomea extracts (100, 200 µg/mL) | Antcin K, antcin C, antcin B, methyl, antcinate B, eburi-coic acid, dehydroeburicoic acid | miR-21-5p, miR-26-5p, miR-30-5p | Skp2 | MCF-7 | Lin et al. (2018) |
| Hexane fraction from Inula helenium (HFIH) (8 μg/mL) | Alantolactone, isoalantolactone, igalan, dugesialactone, alloantolactone | p-JNK, activated caspase-3, cleaved PARP | Cyclin D1, CytoC, Bcl-2, p-ERK | MDA-MB-231 | Chun et al. (2018) |
| Ricinus communis L. fruit extract (0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1 µg/mL) | Ricinine, p-coumaric acid, epigallocatechin, ricinoleic acid | Bax, CytoC, caspase-7, cleaved PARP | Bcl-2 | MDA-MB-231 MCF-7 | Majumder et al. (2019) |
| Fomes fomentarius ethanol Extract Exerts (100 µg/mL) | Betulin | Cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP | MMP9, p-Akt, cyclin A/E, Bcl-2 | MDA-MB-231 | Lee et al. (2019) |
| Extracts of Rhus verniciflua Stokes (200, 300, 400 µg/mL) | Gallic acid | p53, p21, cleaved caspase-3, caspase-9, PARP, Bax | Bcl-2 | MCF-7 | Kim et al. (2019) |
| Vitex rotundifolia Fractions (10 µg/mL) | Vitexicarpin | Caspase-8, caspase-9, caspases-3/7, Bax | Bcl-2 | T-47D | Chaudhry et al. (2019) |
| Extracts from Ajwa dates pulp (15, 20 mg/mL) | Maltose, catechin, myricetin, quercetin, β-sitosterol, digalacturonic acid, chlorogenic acid, β-carotene | p53, Bax, cleaved caspase-3 | Bcl-2, p-Akt, p-mTOR | MDA-MB-231 | Khan et al. (2021) |