Table 1.
Transplacental antiarrhythmic drugs and recommended dosages.
| Medication | Reference | Dosage |
|---|---|---|
| Digoxin | Simpson et al., 1998 [16] Jouannic et al., 2003 [17] |
3 × 0.25 mg/day |
| Jaeggi et al., 2011 [18] Ekiz et al., 2018 [19] |
LD: 1.5–2 mg over 2 days p.o. MD: 0.375–1 mg/day p.o. Aim, maternal drug levels: 2–2.5 ng/mL |
|
| Donofrio et al., 2014 [20] | LD: 1200–1500 µg/24 h i.v., divided every 8 h MD: 375–750 µg/day every 8 to 12 h p.o. |
|
| Sridharan et al., 2016 [21] | LD: 1500 µg/24 h i.v., divided every 8 h, increasing up to 2000 µg/24 h i.v. every 12 h if required Administered until a maternal plasma level of 2.0–3.0 ng/mL was achieved Once therapeutic levels were obtained, administration was switched to p.o. |
|
| Malhamé et al., 2018 [22] Miyoshi et al., 2019 [23] |
LD: 0.5 mg i.v. administered once, followed by two doses of 0.25 mg i.v. every 8 h (p.o. 1.5 mg/day divided every 8 h) MD: 0.75 mg/day divided every 8 h p.o. Aim, maternal drug levels: 1.5–2 ng/mL. |
|
| Sotalol | Oudjik et al., 2000 [24] | 80–160 mg two times a day Maximum dose of 3 × 160 mg/day |
| Jaeggi et al., 2011 [18] | 160–480 mg/day divided every 12 h p.o. Hydropic fetus starting dose: 320 mg/day |
|
| van der Heijden et al., 2013 [25] | 160–320 mg/day divided every 8 to 12 h p.o. | |
| Donofrio et al., 2014 [20] | 160–480 mg/day divided every 8 to 12 h p.o. | |
| Malhamé et al., 2018 [22] | 240 mg/day divided every 8 h p.o. | |
| Miyoshi et al., 2019 [23] | 160–320 mg/day divided every 8 h p.o. | |
| Flecainide | Simpson et al., 1998 [16] Jouannic et al., 2003 [17] Jaeggi et al., 2011 [18] Vigneswaran et al., 2014 [26] Sridharan et al., 2016 [21] Malhamé et al., 2018 [22] Ekiz et al., 2018 [19] |
300 mg/day divided every 8 h p.o. |
| Donofrio et al., 2014 [20] | 100–300 mg/day divided every 8 to 12 h p.o. | |
| Miyoshi et al., 2019 [23] | 200–300 mg/day divided every 12 h p.o. | |
| Amiodarone | Jouannic et al., 2003 [17] | 1600–2000 mg/day for two days, then reduced to 400–600 mg/day |
| Donofrio et al., 2014 [20] | LD: 1800–2400 mg/d divided every 6 h for 48 h p.o.; lower (800–1200 mg p.o.) if prior frug therapy MD: 200–600 mg/day p.o. |
i.v.—intravenous; LD—loading dose; MD—maintenance dose; p.o.—orally; h—hour.