Table 2.
Results for TMT and eTMT.
| Written TMT | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALS− (n = 18) |
(ALS+) † (n = 2) |
PD− (n = 19) |
PD+ (n = 17) |
HC (n = 36) |
Total (n = 90) |
p Value | |
| Completion time TMT-A | 38.1 ± 11.4 | (70.0 ± 8.5) † | 36.2 ± 14.4 | 43.9 ± 10.7 | 35.7 ±12.9 | 38.6 ±13.5 | 0.157 1 |
| Completion time TMT-B | 84.5 ± 20.7 | (109.0 ± 53.7) † | 83.3 ±36.0 | 110.1 ± 53.6 | 83.8 ± 36.6 | 89.3 ± 38.8 | 0.093 1 |
| Ratio TMT-B/-A | 2.3 ± 0.7 | (1.5 ± 0.6) † | 2.4 ± 0.7 | 2.7 ± 1.5 | 2.4 ± 0.8 | 2.4 ± 0.9 | 0.777 1 |
| Electronic TMT (eTMT) | |||||||
|
ALS−
(n = 18) |
ALS+
(n = 12) |
PD−
(n = 19) |
PD+
(n = 17) |
HC
(n = 36) |
Total
(n = 102) |
p Value | |
| Fixation deviance (°) | 0.374 ± 0.078 | 0.325 ± 0.142 | 0.375 ± 0.108 | 0.423 ± 0.135 | 0.392 ± 0.108 | 0.383 ± 114 | 0.228 1 |
| Completion time eTMT-A | 35.22 ± 8.71 | 42.00 ± 15.71 | 37.53 ± 13.55 | 50.65 ± 19.91 | 39.39 ±17.61 | 40.49 ± 16.35 | 0.061 2 |
| Completion time eTMT-B | 71.61 ± 47.99 | 88.33 ± 29.68 | 67.95 ± 23.28 | 89.65 ± 36.07 | 73.22 ± 29.44 | 76.47 ± 33.97 | 0.076 2 |
| Ratio completion time eTMT-B/A | 1.96 ± 0.77 | 2.15 ± 0.40 | 1.89 ± 0.58 | 1.88 ± 0.78 | 1.95 ± 0.58 | 1.95 ± 0.63 | 0.399 2 |
| Amount of errors eTMT-A | 0.83 ± 0.92 | 1.92 ± 2.81 | 0.89 ± 1.33 | 2.00 ± 2.12 | 0.64 ± 1.42 | 1.10 ± 1.74 | 0.085 2 |
| Amount of errors eTMT-B | 8.17 ± 12.58 | 9.67 ± 7.34 | 5.58 ± 3.79 | 9.76 ± 5.76 a | 6.00 ± 6.09 | 7.36 ± 7.50 | <0.05 2 |
| Ratio errors eTMT-B/A | 7.43 ± 7.87 | 6.22 ± 6.06 | 4.29 ± 4.69 | 4.05 ± 4.96 | 6.19 ± 6.51 | 5.61 ± 6.04 | 0.199 2 |
| eTMT-A: Fixations total amount | 112.7 ± 36.9 | 110.4 ± 40.6 | 124.5 ± 51.3 | 163.1 ± 63.1 | 132.8 ± 62.0 | 130.1 ± 56.0 | 0.055 2 |
| eTMT-B: Fixations total amount | 223.0 ± 154.8 | 246.4 ± 67.7 | 226.0 ± 81.5 | 289.7 ± 120.3 | 271.2 ± 131.9 | 254.4 ± 121.2 | 0.135 2 |
| Fixations per sec. eTMT-A | 3.2 ± 0.5 b | 2.7 ± 0.5 a | 3.3 ± 0.4 b | 3.3 ± 0.4 b | 3.4 ± 0.5 b | 3.2 ± 0.5 | <0.001 1 |
| Fixations per sec. eTMT-B | 3.1 ± 0.4 | 2.9 ± 0.3 a | 3.3 ± 0.4 b | 3.2 ± 0.3 | 3.7 ± 1.3 b | 3.4 ± 0.9 | <0.001 2 |
| Errors per fixation eTMT-A | 0.007 ± 0.007 | 0.015 ± 0.018 | 0.006 ± 0.008 | 0.012 ± 0.013 | 0.003 ± 0.007 | 0.007 ± 0.01 | <0.05 2 |
| Errors per fixation eTMT-B | 0.030 ± 0.018 | 0.037 ± 0.023 | 0.024 ± 0.015 | 0.032 ± 0.011a | 0.021 ± 0.014 | 0.027 ± 0.017 | <0.05 2 |
Data presented as Mean ± SD (if not stated otherwise). Abbreviations: TMT, Trail Making Test; eTMT, electronic TMT; ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; PD, Parkinson’s disease; ALS+, ALS patients with severe motor impairment (ALSFRS-R < 20); ALS−, ALS patients with less motor impairment (ALSFRS-R > 20); PD+, PD patients with severe motor impairment (H&Y < 2.5); PD−, PD patients with less motor impairment (H&Y > 2.5); HC, healthy controls. † Data were excluded from calculation. 1 Univariate ANOVA; 2 Kruskal–Wallis test. a Post hoc significant difference compared to HC (p < 0.05; Dun–Bonferroni or Games–Howell test); b significant difference compared to ALS− (p < 0.05; Dun–Bonferroni or Bonferroni adjusted test).