Table 1.

Contents of the dietary recommendations/guidelines for cancer survivors.

Reference	The Dietary Recommendations
2020 American Cancer Society (ACS) Guideline on Diet and Physical Activity for Cancer Prevention [66]	1.Achieve and stay at a healthy weight throughout life. Maintain a healthy body weight range throughout adulthood and avoid gaining weight. 2.Engage in physical activity. Adults should do 150–300 min of moderate-intensity physical activity each week, or 75–150 min of vigorous-intensity physical activity, or a combination of the two; reaching or beyond the upper limit of 300 min is ideal. Every day, children and adolescents should do at least 1 h of moderate- to vigorous-intensity activity. Limit sedentary behaviour such as sitting, lying down, and watching television or other screen-based entertainment. 3.Keep a healthy eating habit during your life. A healthy eating pattern comprises the following items: ○ Foods rich in nutrients in amounts that aid reach and maintain healthy body weight; ○ Various vegetables- dark green, red, and orange veggies, fibre-rich legumes (beans and peas), and others; ○ Fruit, particularly entire fruit in various colours; and ○ Whole grains. A healthy eating pattern excludes or restricts: ○ Meats, both red and processed; ○ Sugar-sweetened drinks; or ○ Refined grain products and highly processed foods. 4.It is better not to consume alcohol. Those who choose to consume alcohol should limit their intake to one drink per day for women and two drinks per day for males. Recommendation for Community Action At the national, state, and local levels, public, private, and community organizations should collaborate to develop, advocate for, and implement policy and environmental changes that increase access to affordable, nutritious foods; provide safe, enjoyable, and accessible opportunities for physical activity; and limit alcohol consumption for all people.
World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF)/American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) Diet, Nutrition, Physical Activity and Cancer: a Global Perspective (2018) [67]	Maintain a healthy body weight Maintain a healthy weight and prevent gaining weight in adult life. Engage in physical activity Make physical activity a regular component of your everyday routine—walk more and sit less. Include whole grains, vegetables, fruit and beans in your diet Make a major part of your usual daily diet from whole grains, vegetables, fruit, and pulses (legumes) such as beans and lentils. Limit intake of ’fast foods’; and other processed foods that are high in fat, starches or sugars Limiting these foods can help you keep track of your calorie intake and maintain a healthy weight. Limit red and processed meat consumption. Red meat, such as beef, pork, and lamb, should be consumed in moderation. Consume very little, if any, processed meat. Limit sugar-sweetened drinks consumption Drink usually water and non-sweetened drinks. Limit consumption of alcohol. It’s best to not consume alcohol for preventing cancer. Supplements should not be used to prevent cancer Aim to achieve nutritional needs solely through diet. If you are a mother: if you are able, breastfeed your baby. Breastfeeding is beneficial to both mother and baby. After recieving a cancer diagnosis: if you are able, follow our recommendations. Consult your medical providers to determine what is right for you.