| ADA | American Diabetes Association |
| BMI | Body Mass Index |
| EWAS | Epigenome-wide association studies |
| FFAs | Free fatty acids |
| GDM | Gestational diabetes mellitus |
| GM-CSF | Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor |
| Hbd | Hebdomas |
| HOMA-IR | Homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance |
| IEM | Inborn errors of metabolism |
| IGFBP1 | Insulin like growth factor binding protein 1 |
| Il | Interleukin |
| IPF1 | Insulin promoter factor 1 |
| LPL | Lipoprotein lipase |
| LPS | Lipopolysaccharides |
| MSRA | Methionine sulfoxde reductase A |
| PDX1 | Pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 |
| PPARGC1A | Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha |
| spp. | species |
| TLR | Toll-like receptor |
| T2DM | Type II diabetes mellitus |