Table 3.
Anti-infectious activity of genus Senna.
| Effect | Microorganism | Antimicrobial assay | Senna genus | Plant part-solvent | Result-solvent | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antiprotozoal | Haemonchus contortus | Effective dose determination for ED50 | Senna occidentalis | Crude plant-aqueous extract | 0.13 mg/mL | [221] |
| Haemonchus contortus | Effective dose determination for ED50 | Senna occidentals | Crude plant-hydroalcoholic extract | 0.17 mg/mL | [221] | |
| Schistosoma mansoni | Effective dose determination for ED50 | Senna spectabilis | Flower-ethanol extract | 495.4 μg/mL | [201] | |
|
| ||||||
| Antibacterial | Bacillus cereus | Diameter of the inhibition zone | Senna alexandrina | Leaves-methanol | 11.0 mm | [211] |
| Bacillus cereus | Diameter of the inhibition zone | Senna alexandrina | Leaves-infusion | 10.0 mm | [211] | |
| Bacillus cereus | Diameter of the inhibition zone | Senna alexandrina | Leaves-decoction | ND | [211] | |
| Bacillus cereus | Diameter of the inhibition zone | Senna alexandrina | Leaves-hydrosol | ND | [211] | |
| Bacillus cereus | Agar disk diffusion method, zone of inhibition | Senna bicapsularis | Flower-ethanol extract | 7 mm | [194] | |
| Bacillus cereus | Agar disk diffusion method, zone of inhibition | Senna bicapsularis | Flower-distilled water | 8 mm | [194] | |
| Bacillus cereus | Paper disk diffusion method, MIC | Senna siamea | Leaf ethanol/water mixture extract | 300 mg/mL | [190] | |
| Bacillus subtilis | Disc agar technique, inhibition zone | Senna italica | Aerial part-n-butanol extract | 9.3 mm | [88] | |
| Bacillus subtilis | Disc agar technique, inhibition zone | Senna italica | Aerial part-ethyl acetate extract | 14 mm | [88] | |
| Candida albicans | Disc agar technique, inhibition zone | Senna italica | Aerial part-n-butanol extract | 12 mm | [88] | |
| Candida albicans | Disc agar technique, inhibition zone | Senna italica | Aerial part-ethyl acetate extract | 6 mm | [88] | |
| Enterobacter aerogenes | Disc agar technique, inhibition zone | Senna italica | Aerial part-n-butanol extract | 12.4 mm | [88] | |
| Enterobacter aerogenes | Disc agar technique, inhibition zone | Senna italica | Aerial part-ethyl acetate extract | 9 mm | [88] | |
| Erwinia spp. | Disc agar technique, inhibition zone | Senna italica | Aerial part-n-butanol extract | 10 mm | [88] | |
| Erwinia spp. | Disc agar technique, inhibition zone | Senna italica | Aerial part-ethyl acetate extract | 8 mm | [88] | |
| Erwinia chrysanthemi | Agar well diffusion | Senna spectabilis | Leaf-dichloromethane Leaf-methanol |
12.00 ± 1.70 mm 13.00 ± 2.10 mm |
[223] | |
| Erwinia chrysanthemi | Agar well diffusion | Senna spectabilis | Flower-dichloromethane Flower-methanol |
9.70 ± 0.60 mm 10.00 ± 2.50 mm |
[223] | |
| Erwinia chrysanthemi | Agar well diffusion | Senna spectabilis | Stem-dichloromethane Stem-methanol |
9.30 ± 1.20 mm 16.00 ± 1.20 mm |
[223] | |
| Escherichia coli | Agar well diffusion | Senna alata | Leaf-ethanol | 17.2 ± 0.3 mm | [203] | |
| Escherichia coli | Agar well diffusion | Senna alata | Leaf-water | 10.2 ± 0.2 mm | [203] | |
| Escherichia coli | Inhibition zone (filter paper disc diffusion method) | Senna occidentalis | Whole plant ethanol extract | 7-8 mm | [212] | |
| Escherichia coli | Disc agar technique, inhibition zone | Senna italica | Aerial part-n-butanol extract | 19 mm | [88] | |
| Escherichia coli | Disc agar technique, inhibition zone | Senna italica | Aerial part-ethyl acetate extract | 16 mm | [88] | |
| Escherichia coli | The cup plate agar diffusion method | Senna alata | Leaf hot water/leaf-methanol/leaf-acetone | 3 mm/4 mm/3 mm | [205] | |
| Escherichia coli | The cup plate agar diffusion method | Senna alata | Root hot water/root-methanol/root-acetone | 4 mm/4 mm/3 mm | [205] | |
| Escherichia coli | Minimum inhibitory concentration | Senna alata | Leaf-methanol/root-methanol | 8 mg/mL/6 mg/mL | [205] | |
| Escherichia coli | Minimum microbicidal concentration | Senna alata | Leaf-methanol/root-methanol | 8 mg/mL/6 mg/mL | [205] | |
| Klebsiella aerogenes | Inhibition zone (filter paper disc diffusion method) | Senna occidentalis | Whole plant ethanol extract | ND | [212] | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | Agar disk diffusion method, zone of inhibition | Senna bicapsularis | Flower-ethanol extract | 7 mm | [194] | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | Agar disk diffusion method, zone of inhibition | Senna bicapsularis | Flower-distilled water | 9 mm | [194] | |
| Listeria monocytogenes | Agar disk diffusion method, zone of inhibition | Senna bicapsularis | Flower-ethanol extract | ND | [194] | |
| Listeria monocytogenes | Agar disk diffusion method, zone of inhibition | Senna bicapsularis | Flower-distilled water | ND | [194] | |
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae | Minimum inhibitory concentration | Senna podocarpa | Root hydroethanol extract | 100 to 400 mg/L | [113] | |
| Propionibacterium acnes | Disc diffusion assay, minimum inhibitory concentration | Senna alata | Crude plant extract | 0.625 mg/mL | [224] | |
| Propionibacterium acnes | Disc diffusion assay, minimum inhibitory concentration | Senna occidentalis | Crude plant extract | 2.5 mg/mL | [224] | |
| Propionibacterium acnes | Disc diffusion assay, minimum inhibitory concentration | Senna siamea | Crude plant extract | 1.25 mg/mL | [224] | |
| Proteus mirabilis | The cup plate agar diffusion method | Senna alata | Leaf hot water/leaf-methanol/leaf-acetone | 2 mm/3 mm/2 mm | [205] | |
| Proteus mirabilis | The cup plate agar diffusion method | Senna alata | Root hot water/root-methanol/root-acetone | 3 mm/3 mm/2 mm | [205] | |
| Proteus mirabilis | Minimum inhibitory concentration | Senna alata | Leaf-methanol/root-methanol | 10 mg/mL/8 mg/mL | [205] | |
| Proteus mirabilis | Minimum microbicidal concentration | Senna alata | Leaf-methanol/root-methanol | 10 mg/mL/6 mg/mL | [205] | |
| Proteus vulgaris | Inhibition zone (filter paper disc diffusion method) | Senna occidentalis | Whole plant ethanol extract | 7-10 mm | [212] | |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | The cup plate agar diffusion method | Senna alata | Leaf hot water/leaf-methanol/leaf-acetone | 3 mm/3 mm/3 mm | [205] | |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | The cup plate agar diffusion method | Senna alata | Root hot water/root-methanol/root-acetone | 3 mm/3 mm/3 mm | [205] | |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Minimum inhibitory concentration | Senna alata | Leaf-methanol/root-methanol | 10 mg/mL/8 mg/mL | [205] | |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Minimum microbicidal concentration | Senna alata | Leaf-methanol/root-methanol | 10 mg/mL/8 mg/mL | [205] | |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Paper disk diffusion method, MIC | Senna siamea | Leaf ethanol/water mixture extract | 300 mg/mL | [190] | |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Diameter of the inhibition zone | Senna alexandrina | Leaves-methanol | 9.0 mm | [211] | |
| Salmonella typhimurium | Agar well diffusion | Senna alata | Leaf-ethanol | 12.1 ± 0.1 mm | [203] | |
| Salmonella typhimurium | Agar well diffusion | Senna alata | Leaf-water | 10.1 ± 0.1 mm | [203] | |
| Salmonella typhimurium | The cup plate agar diffusion method | Senna alata | Leaf hot water/leaf-methanol/leaf-acetone | 3 mm/4 mm/4 mm | [205] | |
| Salmonella typhimurium | The cup plate agar diffusion method | Senna alata | Root hot water/root-methanol/root-acetone | 3 mm/4 mm/4 mm | [205] | |
| Salmonella typhimurium | Minimum inhibitory concentration | Senna alata | Leaf-methanol/root-methanol | 8 mg/mL/6 mg/mL | [205] | |
| Salmonella typhimurium | Minimum microbicidal concentration | Senna alata | Leaf-methanol/root-methanol | 6 mg/mL/8 mg/mL | [205] | |
| Salmonella typhimurium | Paper disk diffusion method, MIC | Senna siamea | Leaf ethanol/water mixture extract | 300 mg/mL | [190] | |
| Shigella spp. | Disc agar technique, inhibition zone | Senna italica | Aerial part-n-butanol extract | 7.8 mm | [88] | |
| Shigella spp. | Disc agar technique, inhibition zone | Senna italica | Aerial part-ethyl acetate extract | 8.6 mm | [88] | |
| Shigella flexneri | The cup plate agar diffusion method | Senna alata | Leaf hot water/leaf-methanol/leaf-acetone | 4 mm/4 mm/4 mm | [205] | |
| Shigella flexneri | The cup plate agar diffusion method | Senna alata | Root hot water/root-methanol/root-acetone | 3 mm/4 mm/3 mm | [205] | |
| Shigella flexneri | Minimum inhibitory concentration | Senna alata | Leaf-methanol/root-methanol | 8 mg/mL/5 mg/mL | [205] | |
| Shigella flexneri | Minimum microbicidal concentration | Senna alata | Leaf-methanol/root-methanol | 6 mg/mL/5 mg/mL | [205] | |
| Staphylococcus aureus | Inhibition zone (filter paper disc diffusion method) | Senna occidentalis | Whole plant ethanol extract | 8-9 mm | [212] | |
| Staphylococcus aureus | Agar disk diffusion method, zone of inhibition | Senna bicapsularis | Flower-ethanol extract | ND | [194] | |
| Staphylococcus aureus | Agar disk diffusion method, zone of inhibition | Senna bicapsularis | Flower-distilled water | 7 mm | [194] | |
| Staphylococcus aureus | Agar well diffusion | Senna alata | Leaf-ethanol | 20.1 ± 0.1 mm | [203] | |
| Staphylococcus aureus | Agar well diffusion | Senna alata | Leaf-water | 18.2 ± 0.3 mm | [203] | |
| Staphylococcus aureus | Disc agar technique, inhibition zone | Senna italica | Aerial part-n-butanol extract | 11 mm | [88] | |
| Staphylococcus aureus | Disc agar technique, inhibition zone | Senna italica | Aerial part-ethyl acetate extract | 6 mm | [88] | |
| Staphylococcus aureus | The cup plate agar diffusion method | Senna alata | Leaf hot water/leaf-methanol/leaf-acetone | 5 mm/5 mm/5 mm | [205] | |
| Staphylococcus aureus | The cup plate agar diffusion method | Senna alata | Root hot water/root-methanol/root-acetone | 4 mm/4 mm/4 mm | [205] | |
| Staphylococcus aureus | Minimum inhibitory concentration | Senna alata | Leaf-methanol/root-methanol | 6 mg/mL/5 mg/mL | [205] | |
| Staphylococcus aureus | Minimum microbicidal concentration | Senna alata | Leaf-methanol/root-methanol | 6 mg/mL/5 mg/mL | [205] | |
| Staphylococcus epidermidis | Disc diffusion assay, minimum inhibitory concentration | Senna alata | Crude plant extract | 2.5 mg/mL | [224] | |
| Staphylococcus epidermidis | Disc diffusion assay, minimum inhibitory concentration | Senna occidentalis | Crude plant extract | >5 mg/mL | [224] | |
| Staphylococcus epidermidis | Disc diffusion assay, minimum inhibitory concentration | Senna siamea | Crude plant extract | >5 mg/mL | [224] | |
| Streptococcus pyogenes | The cup plate agar diffusion method | Senna alata | Leaf hot water/leaf-methanol/leaf-acetone | 6 mm/6 mm/5 mm | [205] | |
| Streptococcus pyogenes | The cup plate agar diffusion method | Senna alata | Root hot water/root-methanol/root-acetone | 5 mm/6 mm/5 mm | [205] | |
| Streptococcus pyogenes | Minimum inhibitory concentration | Senna alata | Leaf-methanol/root-methanol | 6 mg/mL/3 mg/mL | [205] | |
| Streptococcus pyogenes | Minimum microbicidal concentration | Senna alata | Leaf-methanol/root-methanol | 6 mg/mL/3 mg/mL | [205] | |
| Xanthomonas axonopodis | Agar well diffusion | Senna spectabilis | Leaf-dichloromethane leaf-methanol | 9.70 ± 0.60 mm 110.0 ± 0.60 mm |
[223] | |
| Xanthomonas axonopodis | Agar well diffusion | Senna spectabilis | Flower-dichloromethane flower-methanol | 11.00 ± 1.20 mm 14.00 ± 3.50 mm |
[223] | |
| Xanthomonas axonopodis | Agar well diffusion | Senna spectabilis | Stem-dichloromethane stem-methanol | 12.00 ± 2.60 mm 25.00 ± 50.0 mm |
[223] | |
|
| ||||||
| Antifungal | Aspergillus flavus | Inhibition zone (filter paper disc diffusion method) | Senna occidentalis | Whole plant ethanol extr80t | 12-30 mm | [212] |
| Aspergillus flavus | Agar well diffusion | Senna alata | Leaf-ethanol | 22.1 ± 0.1 mm | [203] | |
| Aspergillus flavus | Agar well diffusion | Senna alata | Leaf-water | 20.1 ± 0.1 mm | [203] | |
| Aspergillus flavus | The cup plate agar diffusion method | Senna alata | Leaf hot water/leaf-methanol/leaf-acetone | 2 mm/3 mm/2 mm | [205] | |
| Aspergillus flavus | The cup plate agar diffusion method | Senna alata | Root hot water/root-methanol/root-acetone | 2 mm/3 mm/2 mm | [205] | |
| Aspergillus flavus | Minimum inhibitory concentration | Senna alata | Leaf-methanol/root-methanol | 50 mg/mL/50 mg/mL | [205] | |
| Aspergillus flavus | Minimum microbicidal concentration | Senna alata | Leaf-methanol/root-methanol | 50 mg/mL/50 mg/mL | [205] | |
| Aspergillus niger | Inhibition zone (filter paper disc diffusion method) | Senna occidentalis | Whole plant ethanol extract | 14-22 mm | [212] | |
| Aspergillus niger | Agar well diffusion | Senna alata | Leaf-ethanol | 25.2 ± 0.3 mm | [203] | |
| Aspergillus niger | Agar well diffusion | Senna alata | Leaf-water | 27.2 ± 0.2 mm | [203] | |
| Aspergillus niger | Cup-plate method, mean zone of inhibition | Senna alata | Ethanolic leaf extract | 17.6-25.8 mm | [207] | |
| Aspergillus niger | Cup-plate method, mean zone of inhibition | Senna alata | Aqueous leaf extracts | 10.5-33.8 mm | [207] | |
| Aspergillus niger | The cup plate agar diffusion method | Senna alata | Leaf hot water/leaf-methanol/leaf-acetone | 2 mm/3 mm/2 mm | [205] | |
| Aspergillus niger | The cup plate agar diffusion method | Senna alata | Root hot water/root-methanol/root-acetone | 2 mm/3 mm/3 mm | [205] | |
| Aspergillus niger | Minimum inhibitory concentration | Senna alata | Leaf-methanol/root-methanol | 50 mg/mL/50 mg/mL | [205] | |
| Aspergillus niger | Minimum microbicidal concentration | Senna alata | Leaf-methanol/root-methanol | 50 mg/mL/50 mg/mL | [205] | |
| Candida albicans | Agar well diffusion | Senna alata | Leaf-ethanol | 18.2 ± 0.2 mm | [203] | |
| Candida albicans | Agar well diffusion | Senna alata | Leaf-water | 14.1 ± 0.1 mm | [203] | |
| Candida albicans | Cup-plate method, mean zone of inhibition | Senna alata | Ethanolic leaf extract | 19.8-36 mm | [207] | |
| Candida albicans | Cup-plate method, mean zone of inhibition | Senna alata | Aqueous leaf extracts | 20.2-30.0 mm | [207] | |
| Candida albicans | Agar cup method, clearing zone | Senna alata | Leaf-chloroform extract | ND | [222] | |
| Candida albicans | Agar cup method, clearing zone | Senna alata | Leaf-ethyl acetate extract | 15-20 mm | [222] | |
| Candida albicans | The cup plate agar diffusion method | Senna alata | Leaf hot water/leaf-methanol/leaf-acetone | 2 mm/4 mm/3 mm | [205] | |
| Candida albicans | The cup plate agar diffusion method | Senna alata | Root hot water/root-methanol/root-acetone | 3 mm/4 mm/4 mm | [205] | |
| Candida albicans | Minimum inhibitory concentration | Senna alata | Leaf-methanol/root-methanol | 35 mg/mL/25 mg/mL | [205] | |
| Candida albicans | Minimum microbicidal concentration | Senna alata | Leaf-methanol/root-methanol | 25 mg/mL/25 mg/mL | [205] | |
| Candida albicans | Agar cup method, clearing zone | Senna alata | Leaf-hexane extract | 12 mm | [222] | |
| Colletotrichum gloeosporioides | Percent inhibition at 1,000 ppm | Senna spectabilis | Leaf-dichloromethane Leaf-methanol |
0.00 ± 0.00 1.85 ± 1.15 |
[223] | |
| Colletotrichum gloeosporioides | Percent inhibition at 1,000 ppm | Senna spectabilis | Flower-dichloromethane Flower-methanol |
17.78 ± 1.73 2.59 ± 0.58 |
[223] | |
| Colletotrichum gloeosporioides | Percent inhibition at 1,000 ppm | Senna spectabilis | Stem-dichloromethane Stem-methanol |
1.48 ± 1.15 15.93 ± 0.58 |
[223] | |
| Curvularia lunata | Inhibition zone (filter paper disc diffusion method) | Senna occidentalis | Whole plant ethanol extract | 16-26 mm | [212] | |
| Cryptococcus neoformans | The cup plate agar diffusion method | Senna alata | Leaf hot water/leaf-methanol/leaf-acetone | 3 mm/4 mm/3 mm | [205] | |
| Cryptococcus neoformans | The cup plate agar diffusion method | Senna alata | Root hot water/root-methanol/root-acetone | 3 mm/4 mm/4 mm | [205] | |
| Cryptococcus neoformans | Minimum inhibitory concentration | Senna alata | Leaf-methanol/root-methanol | 13 mg/mL/6 mg/mL | [205] | |
| Cryptococcus neoformans | Minimum microbicidal concentration | Senna alata | Leaf-methanol/root-methanol | 13 mg/mL/6 mg/mL | [205] | |
| Epidermophyton floccosum | Agar diffusion and broth dilution method, minimum inhibitory concentration | Senna alata | Leaf-crude ethanol extract | 3.75 mm | [208] | |
| Epidermophyton floccosum | Agar diffusion method | Senna alata | Ethanolic steam bark 5.00 mg/mL & 10 mg/mL | 15.50 mm/20.05 mm | [206] | |
| Epidermophyton floccosum | Minimum inhibitory concentration | Senna alata | Steam bark-ethanol | 5 mg/mL | [206] | |
| Epidermophyton floccosum | Minimum fungicidal concentration | Senna alata | Steam bark-ethanol | 10 mg/mL | [206] | |
| F. moniliforme | Inhibition zone (filter paper disc diffusion method) | Senna occidentalis | Whole plant ethanol extract | 12-36 mm | [212] | |
| Fusarium oxysporum | Percent inhibition at 1,000 ppm | Senna spectabilis | Leaf-dichloromethane Leaf-methanol |
4.81 ± 1.115 7.04 ± 0.58 |
[223] | |
| Fusarium oxysporum | Percent inhibition at 1,000 ppm | Senna spectabilis | Flower-dichloromethane Flower-methanol |
17.78 ± 1.73 19.26 ± 2.31 |
[223] | |
| Fusarium oxysporum | Percent inhibition at 1,000 ppm | Senna spectabilis | Stem-dichloromethane Stem-methanol |
5.19 ± 0.58 44.44 ± 0.00 |
[223] | |
| Helminthosporium oryzae | Minimum inhibitory concentration | Senna alata | Aqueous flower extracts | 15 mg/mL | [198] | |
| Microsporum audouinii | Minimum inhibitory concentration | Senna alata | Aqueous flower extracts | 15 mg/mL | [198] | |
| Microsporum canis | Cup-plate method, mean zone of inhibition | Senna alata | Ethanolic leaf extract | 14.4-30 mm | [207] | |
| Microsporum canis | Cup-plate method, mean zone of inhibition | Senna alata | Aqueous leaf extracts | 17.20-32.0 mm | [207] | |
| Microsporum canslaslomyces | Agar diffusion method | Senna alata | Ethanolic steam bark 5.00 mg/mL & 10 mg/mL | 12 mm/13.5 mm | [206] | |
| Microsporum canslaslomyces | Minimum inhibitory concentration | Senna alata | Steam bark-ethanol | 5 mg/mL | [206] | |
| Microsporum canslaslomyces | Minimum fungicidal concentration | Senna alata | Steam bark-ethanol | 5 mg/mL | [206] | |
| Microsporum gypseum | Agar diffusion and broth dilution method, minimum inhibitory concentration | Senna alata | Leaf-crude ethanol extract | 10.42 mm | [208] | |
| Microsporum gypseum | Hyphal growth inhibition concentration (IC50) | Senna tora | Leaf-methanol | 1.8 mg/mL | [209] | |
| Microsporum gypseum | Hyphal growth inhibition concentration (IC50) | Senna alata | Leaf-methanol | 0.8 mg/mL | [209] | |
| Microsporum gypseum | Agar diffusion and broth dilution method, minimum inhibitory concentration | Senna alata | Leaf-crude ethanol extract | 10.42 mm | [208] | |
| Penicillium notatum | Cup-plate method, mean zone of inhibition | Senna alata | Ethanolic leaf extract | 19.4-30 mm | [207] | |
| Penicillium notatum | Cup-plate method, mean zone of inhibition | Senna alata | Aqueous leaf extracts | 15.20-22.0 mm | [207] | |
| Penicillium marneffei | Hyphal growth inhibition concentration (IC50) | Senna tora | Leaf-methanol | 1.8 mg/mL | [209] | |
| Penicillium marneffei | Hyphal growth inhibition concentration (IC50) | Senna alata | Leaf-methanol | 6.6 mg/mL | [209] | |
| Phytophthora parasitica | Percent inhibition at 1,000 ppm | Senna spectabilis | Leaf-dichloromethane Leaf-methanol |
−28.57 ± 0.00 −24.29 ± 2.65 |
[223] | |
| Phytophthora parasitica | Percent inhibition at 1,000 ppm | Senna spectabilis | Flower-dichloromethane Flower-methanol |
−27.14 ± 1.99 −1.90 ± 2.31 |
[223] | |
| Phytophthora parasitica | Percent inhibition at 1,000 ppm | Senna spectabilis | Stem-dichloromethane stem-methanol | −17.62 ± 2.08 44.76 ± 1.15 |
[223] | |
| Rhizoctonia solani | Percent inhibition at 1,000 ppm | Senna spectabilis | Leaf-dichloromethane Leaf-methanol |
0.00 ± 0.00 27.41 ± 0.58 |
[223] | |
| Rhizoctonia solani | Percent inhibition at 1,000 ppm | Senna spectabilis | Flower-dichloromethane Flower-methanol |
47.04 ± 2.52 22.22 ± 4.58 |
[223] | |
| Rhizoctonia solani | Percent inhibition at 1,000 ppm | Senna spectabilis | Stem-dichloromethane Stem-methanol |
37.78 ± 1.00 29.63 ± 0.00 |
[223] | |
| Trichophyton mentagrophyte | Cup-plate method, mean zone of inhibition | Senna alata | Aqueous leaf extracts | 20.20-35.0 mm | [207] | |
| Trichophyton mentagrophyte | Agar diffusion and broth dilution method, minimum inhibitory concentration | Senna alata | Leaf-crude ethanol extract | 19.64 mm | [208] | |
| Trichophyton mentagrophyte | Cup-plate method, mean zone of inhibition | Senna alata | Ethanolic leaf extract | 16.4-30 mm | [207] | |
| Trichophyton mentagrophytes | Agar cup method, clearing zone | Senna alata | Leaf-hexane extract | 14-18 mm | [222] | |
| Trichophyton mentagrophytes | Agar cup method, clearing zone | Senna alata | Leaf-chloroform extract | 22-26 mm | [222] | |
| Trichophyton mentagrophytes | Agar cup method, clearing zone | Senna alata | Leaf-ethyl acetate extract | 16-18 mm | [222] | |
| Trichophyton mentagrophytes | Agar diffusion method | Senna alata | Ethanolic steam bark 5.00 mg/mL & 10 mg/mL | 17 mm/19 mm | [206] | |
| Trichophyton mentagrophytes | Minimum inhibitory concentration | Senna alata | Steam bark-ethanol | 5 mg/mL | [206] | |
| Trichophyton mentagrophytes | Minimum fungicidal concentration | Senna alata | Steam bark-ethanol | 5 mg/mL | [206] | |
| Trichophyton rubrum | Hyphal growth inhibition concentration (IC50) | Senna tora | Leaf-methanol | 1.2 mg/mL | [209] | |
| Trichophyton rubrum | Hyphal growth inhibition concentration (IC50) | Senna alata | Leaf-methanol | 0.5 mg/mL | [209] | |
| Trichophyton rubrum | Agar diffusion and broth dilution method, minimum inhibitory concentration | Senna alata | Leaf-crude ethanol extract | 18.75 mm | [208] | |
| Trichophyton verrucosum | Agar diffusion method | Senna alata | Ethanolic steam bark 5.00 mg/mL & 10 mg/mL | 15 mm/21 mm | [206] | |
| Trichophyton verrucosum | Minimum inhibitory concentration | Senna alata | Steam bark-ethanol | 5 mg/mL | [206] | |
| Trichophyton verrucosum | Minimum fungicidal concentration | Senna alata | Steam bark-ethanol | 5 mg/mL | [206] | |
|
| ||||||
| Antiviral activity | Herpes simplex | Plaque-inhibition method, reduction factor was measured | Senna occidentalis | Whole plant-ethanolic extract | 1 0 μg/mL | [212] |
| HIV-1 | HIV-1 RT inhibitory assay, % inhibition ratio | Senna alata | Aerial part-ethanolic extract | 35.86 | [216] | |
| HIV-1 | HIV-1 RT inhibitory assay, % inhibition ratio | Senna alata | Aerial part-water extracts | 37 | [216] | |
| Coxsackie | Plaque-inhibition method, reduction factor was measured | Senna occidentalis | Whole plant-ethanolic extract | 1 μg/mL | [212] | |
| Measles | Plaque-inhibition method, reduction factor was measured | Senna occidentalis | Whole plant-ethanolic extract | 1 μg/mL | [212] | |
| Poliomyelitis | Plaque-inhibition method, reduction factor was measured | Senna occidentalis | Whole plant-ethanolic extract | 1 μg/mL | [212] | |
| Semliki forest | Plaque-inhibition method, reduction factor was measured | Senna occidentalis | Whole plant-ethanolic extract | 1 μg/mL | [212] | |
| Vesicular stomatitis | Plaque-inhibition method, reduction factor was measured | Senna occidentalis | Whole plant-ethanolic extract | 1 μg/mL | [212] | |
|
| ||||||
| Herbicidal activity | Brassica chinensis | Percent inhibition germination at 10,000 ppm | Senna spectabilis | Leaf-dichloromethane Leaf-methanol |
12.66 ± 2.89 25.28 ± 7.77 |
[223] |
| Brassica chinensis | Percent inhibition germination at 10,000 ppm | Senna spectabilis | Flower-dichloromethane Flower-methanol |
71.38 ± 3.06 8.03 ± 0.58 |
[223] | |
| Brassica chinensis | Percent inhibition germination at 10,000 ppm | Senna spectabilis | Stem-dichloromethane Stem-methanol |
6.90 ± 1.00 1.14 ± 1.53 |
[223] | |
| Brassica chinensis | Percent inhibition hypocotyl at 10,000 ppm | Senna spectabilis | Leaf-dichloromethane Leaf-methanol |
68.09 ± 4.00 97.33 ± 1.31 |
[223] | |
| Brassica chinensis | Percent inhibition hypocotyl at 10,000 ppm | Senna spectabilis | Flower-dichloromethane Flower-methanol |
99.67 ± 0.58 91.40 ± 1.31 |
[223] | |
| Brassica chinensis | Percent inhibition hypocotyl at 10,000 ppm | Senna spectabilis | Stem-dichloromethane Stem-methanol |
−42.94 ± 5.18 34.75 ± 2.88 |
[223] | |
| Brassica chinensis | Percent inhibition radical 10,000 ppm | Senna spectabilis | Leaf-dichloromethane Leaf-methanol |
84.48 ± 2.63 100.00 ± 0.00 |
[223] | |
| Brassica chinensis | Percent inhibition radical 10,000 ppm | Senna spectabilis | Flower-dichloromethane Flower-methanol |
100.00 ± 0.00 100.00 ± 0.00 |
[223] | |
| Brassica chinensis | Percent inhibition radical 10,000 ppm | Senna spectabilis | Stem-dichloromethane Stem-methanol |
−46.94 ± 7.82 99.94 ± 1.74 |
[223] | |
| Chloris barbata | Percent inhibition germination at 10,000 ppm | Senna spectabilis | Leaf-dichloromethane Leaf-methanol |
72.71 ± 0.00 100.00 ± 0.00 |
[223] | |
| Chloris barbata | Percent inhibition germination at 10,000 ppm | Senna spectabilis | Flower-dichloromethane Flower-methanol |
100.00 ± 0.00 95.50 ± 0.58 |
[223] | |
| Chloris barbata | Percent inhibition germination at 10,000 ppm | Senna spectabilis | Stem-dichloromethane Stem-methanol |
4.50 ± 1.00 95.50 ± 0.58 |
[223] | |
| Chloris barbata | Percent inhibition shoot at 10,000 ppm | Senna spectabilis | Leaf-dichloromethane Leaf-methanol |
85.31 ± 7.45 100.00 ± 0.00 |
[223] | |
| Chloris barbata | Percent inhibition shoot at 10,000 ppm | Senna spectabilis | Flower-dichloromethane Flower-methanol |
100.00 ± 0.00 98.82 ± 2.68 |
[223] | |
| Chloris barbata | Percent inhibition shoot at 10,000 ppm | Senna spectabilis | Stem-dichloromethane Stem-methanol |
38.82 ± 3.19 96.93 ± 4.59 |
[223] | |
| Chloris barbata | Percent inhibition root at 10,000 ppm | Senna spectabilis | Leaf-dichloromethane Leaf-methanol |
88.18 ± 8.75 100.00 ± 0.00 |
[223] | |
| Chloris barbata | Percent inhibition root at 10,000 ppm | Senna spectabilis | Flower-dichloromethane Flower-methanol |
100.00 ± 0.00 98.72 ± 1.79 |
[223] | |
| Chloris barbata | Percent inhibition root at 10,000 ppm | Senna spectabilis | Stem-dichloromethane Stem-methanol |
25.56 ± 2.55 96.49 ± 3.53 |
[223] | |
↓: inhibition; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; RT: reverse transcriptase.