Table 2.

Benefits and drawbacks of different Covid vaccines.

Vaccine	Benefits	Drawbacks
Entire inactivated virus vaccine	Powerful immune response; Safer than live attenuated virus	Potential epitope modification by deactivation process
Live attenuated virus vaccine	Stronger immune response; Local antigen conservation; Copying natural infection	Threat of persisting virulence, especially for immunocompromised persons
Viral vector vaccine	Stronger immune response; Local antigen preservation; Copying natural infection	More intricated manufacturing procedure; Threat of genomic unification; Pre-existing immunity to the vector diminished the response
Subunit vaccine	Safe and well-tolerated	Reduce immunogenicity: To improve immunogenicity, an adjuvant or conjugate is required to reduce immunogenicity
Vaccine with viral-like particles	Safe and well-tolerated; copying native virus conformation	Reduce immunogenicity; More intricated development process
DNA vaccine	Safe and very much endured; Stable under room temperature; Extremely versatile to new microbe; Native antigen expression	Reduce immunogenicity; Difficult introduction route; Threat of genomic integration
RNA vaccine	Safe and very much endured; Extremely versatile to new microorganism; Native antigen expression	Reduce immunogenicity; Need of low temperature storage and shipping; Potential threat of RNA-incited interferon reaction (Li et al., 2020a, Li et al., 2020b, Li et al., 2020c)
Some common adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccines
Local side effects	Redness, Inflammation, Pain at injection site
Systemic side effects	Pyrexia, Headache, Chills, Vomiting, Loose motions, New or worsening joint pain, Lymphadenopathy, Bell’s palsy
Serious side effects	Appendicitis, Myocardial infarction, Cerebrovascular accident, Shoulder injury, Lymphadenopathy on contralateral side