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. 2022 Feb 12;14:100116. doi: 10.1016/j.medntd.2022.100116

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

Micro/nano devices for nucleic acid testing. (a) A microneedle-based oropharyngeal swab for effective and precise viral sampling during COVID-19 detection [128]; Reproduced with permission. Copyright 2020, Elsevier. (b) A miniaturized and portable PCR platform run on batteries for multiplexed detection of clinical-level of DNA tartets. [28]; Reproduced with permission; Copyright 2020, Nature publishing group. (c) An integrated microfluidic device with functions of sample treatment, one step RT-PCR and direct fluorescence detection. The deteiled components included: 1) Wash buffer chamber, 2) Microvalve, 3) Consecutive micropumps, 4) Open-type micromixer, 5) Waste outlet, 6) RT-PCR reagent chamber, 7) Air inlet/outlet, 8) RT-PCR reagent chamber, 9) Overflow chamber [135]; Reproduced with permission. Copyright 2020, Royal Society of Chemistry. (d) A compact, reciprocal flow PCR system, GeneSoC®, with one heater for the reverse transcriptase reaction and two heaters for thermal cycling, can be used for specific gene amplification and fluorescence detection based on PCR in a very short time (within 15 ​min) [136]. Reproduced with permission. Copyright 2020, Elsevier.