Skip to main content
. 2021 Sep 3;10(2):449–455. doi: 10.1007/s43390-021-00408-1

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

The upper instrumented vertebra–femoral angle (UIVPA) is represented by “a” as the angle subtended by a line from the UIV centroid to the femoral head center to a vertical reference line