. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Feb 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2021 Dec 1;10(2):397–408. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.11.016

Table 1.

Evidence of comorbidity effect on asthma control in adults and children

Comorbidity	Adult/pediatric	Level of evidence	Affected asthma domain
Comorbidity	Adult/pediatric	Level of evidence	Patient reported outcomes (Sx/QOL)	Exacerbation	Lung function
Allergic Rhinitis	Adult	Obs, RCT, Meta	x	x	-
Allergic Rhinitis	Pedi	Meta	x	x	-
CRSsNP	Adult	Obs, RCT	x	x	-
CRSsNP	Pedi	Obs	-	x	-
CRSwNP	Adult	Obs, RCT	x	x	x
CRSwNP	Pedi	Obs	-	-	-
Obesity	Adult	Obs, RCT	x	x	x
Obesity	Pedi	Obs, RCT	x	x	x
ILO	Adult	Obs	x	x	-
ILO	Pedi	Obs	x	x	-
Dysfunctional breathing	Adult	Obs	x	x
Dysfunctional breathing	Pedi	Obs	x	x
OSA	Adult	Obs, RCT, Meta	x	x	x
OSA	Pedi	Obs, RCT, Meta	x	x	-
GERD	Adult	Obs, RCT, Meta	x	x	x
GERD	Pedi	Obs, RCT, Meta	x	x	-
Anxiety/depression	Adult	Obs	x	x	-
Anxiety/depression	Pedi	Obs	x	x	-
Vitamin D deficiency	Adult	Obs, RCT, Meta		x
Vitamin D deficiency	Pedi	Obs, RCT, Meta	x	x	x
ABPA/M	Adult	Obs, RCT	x	x	x
ABPA/M	Pedi	Obs	x		x
Smoking/SHS	Adult	Obs, RCT	x		x
Smoking/SHS	Pedi	Obs	x	x	x

CRSsNP, chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps; CRSwNP, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps; ILO, inducible laryngeal obstruction; OSA, obstructive sleep apnea; GERD, gastroesophageal reflux; ABPA/M. allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis/mycosis; SHS (secondhand smoke); Obs, observational; RCT, randomized control trial; Meta, metanalysis; Sx, symptoms; QOL, quality of life; “x” indicates supportive evidence of association with the outcome domain, “-“ indicates studies have not found significant associations, absence of rating indicates a lack of research studies related to the outcome domain.