Table 1.
Characteristic of the patients.
| Baseline clinical data | N = 53 |
| Age, years | 66 ± 13 |
| Male, n(%) | 47 (89) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 114 ± 14 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 66 ± 10 |
| Heart rate, beat per minutes | 70 ± 8 |
| HTN, n(%) | 37 (70) |
| DM, n(%) | 14 (26) |
| DLP, n(%) | 33 (62) |
| CKD, n(%) | 8 (15) |
| Smoking, n(%) | 38 (72) |
| STEMI, n(%) | 39 (74) |
| SYNTAX score | 15 ± 8 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n(%) | 4 (8) |
| Laboratory data | |
| BUN, mg/dL | 15 (12–20) |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.83 (0.71–1.0) |
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m^2 | 72.0 ± 22 |
| LDL-Cho, mg/dL | 121 ± 35 |
| HDL-Cho, mg/dL | 44 (38–50) |
| TG, mg/dL | 113 (68–168) |
| HbA1c, % | 6.0 (5.6–6.7) |
| NT-ProBNP, pg/mL | 285 (64–2518) |
| Cystatin C, mg/L | 0.88 (0.79–1.06) |
| U-NAG, U/L | 7.4 (4.7–15.6) |
| U-β2MG, µg/L | 257 (125–714) |
| L-FABP, ng/mL | 4.7 (1.0–9.8) |
| U-Creatinine, mg/dL | 75 (36–144) |
| U-Alb, mg/L | 40 (23–151) |
| Medications | |
| ACEI or ARB, n(%) | 18 (34) |
| β-blocker, n(%) | 6 (11) |
| Statin, n(%) | 10 (19) |
| Systemic atherosclerosis parameter | |
| IMT, mm | 0.9 (0.75–1.2) |
| ba-PWV, cm/s | 1468 (1232–1881) |
| Echocardiographic data | |
| LVDd, mm | 48 ± 6 |
| LVDs, mm | 33 ± 7 |
| LVEF, % | 58 ± 10 |
| E, cm/sec | 69 (54–87) |
| A, cm/sec | 73 (62–87) |
| e', cm/sec | 6 ± 2 |
| E/e' ratio | 11 (9–16) |
| Ophthalmic parameters | |
| Soft exudate, n(%) | 21 (40) |
| Intraocular pressure, mmHg | 13 ± 3 |
| Mean MBR | 20.0 ± 5.5 |
| Mean BOT | 48.9 ± 5.3 |
| Mean RI | 0.40 ± 0.10 |
Values are the mean ± 2SD, median and interquartile range, or n(%) of patients.
A, peak mitral A wave velocity; ACEI, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; baPWV, brachial-ankle pulse-wave velocity; BOT, Blowout time; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CKD, chronic kidney disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; DLP, dyslipidemia; E peak mitral E wave velocity; e’ peak early diastolic myocardial velocity at septal position recorded by tissue Doppler imaging; E/e’ ratio, ratio of peak mitral E wave velocity to peak early diastolic myocardial velocity at the septal position by tissue Doppler imaging; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL-Cho, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HTN, hypertension; IMT, intima media thickness; L-FABP, Liver-type Fatty Acid Binding Protein; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVDd, left ventricular diastolic dimension; LVDs, left ventricular systolic dimension; LDL-Cho, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MBR, mean blur rate; NSTEMI, non ST elevated myocardial infarction; NT-ProBNP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; RI, resistivity index; STEMI, ST elevated myocardial infarction; TG, triglyceride; U-Alb, Urinary albumin excretion; U-β2MG, urinary β2 microgloblin; U-Creatinine, urinary creatinine; U-NAG, urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosidase.
*Obtained by Student t test, Mann–Whitney U test, Chi square test, or Fisher’s exact test, as appropriate.