Table 1.
Lysine residues deacetylated by SIRT1 in target proteins.
| Target Protein |
Deacetylated Lysine Residues |
Function | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| NF-κB | K218, K221, and K310 | Controls transcription of genes, cytokine production and cell survival; regulates innate and adaptive immune responses and carcinogenesis; is implicated in processes of synaptic plasticity and memory. K218 and K221 are involved in DNA binding. K310 participates in the transcriptional activity of NF-κB. |
[31,32,33,34] |
| STAT3 | K685, K679, K707, and K709 | Mediates expression of several genes in response to cell stimuli and plays a role in cell growth and apoptosis. | [35,36,37] |
| FOXO1 | K242, K245, K248, K262, K265, K274, K294, and K559 | Regulates gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis, functions as a tumor suppressor, and is involved in cell arrest, apoptosis, and adipogenesis. | [38,39,40,41,42,43,44] |
| FOXO3 | K203, K242, K245, K259, K270, K271, K290, and K569 | Induces cell cycle arrest, confers resistance to oxidative and genotoxic stress, functions as a tumor suppressor, and inhibits FOXO-induced apoptosis. | [41,42,44,45,46] |
| FOXO4 | K186, K189, K215, K237, and K407 | Regulates oxidative stress signaling, longevity, insulin signaling, cell cycle progression, neural differentiation, and apoptosis and functions as a tumor suppressor. | [41,44,47,48] |
| p53 | K320, K373, and K382 | Functions as a tumor suppressor and induces cell cycle arrest, senescence, apoptosis, and the response to DNA damage and oxidative stress to prompt DNA repair. | [31,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56] |
| Beclin1 | K430 and K437 | Regulates autophagy and cell death and plays a role in tumorigenesis and neurodegeneration. | [29,57,58] |
| PGC1α | K77, K144, K183, K253, K270, K277, K320, K346, K412, K441, K450, K757, and K778 | Functions as a transcriptional coactivator that regulates genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism. | [15,59,60,61] |
| HIF1α | K674 | Functions as a transcriptional regulator of cell and developmental responses to hypoxia and is implicated in cancer, angiogenesis, energy metabolism, cell survival, and tumor invasion. | [62,63,64,65] |
| HIF2α | K741 | Induces gene expression that is regulated by hypoxic stress. | [63,66,67] |
| SMAD3 | K333, K341, K378, and K409 | Mediates intracellular signaling of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and is thus related to tumor growth in cancer development. | [25,68,69] |
Beclin1, Coiled-Coil, Moesin-Like BCL2-Interacting Protein; FOXO, forkhead box transcription factors; HIF, hypoxia-inducible factor; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; p53, tumor protein p53; PGC1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha; SMAD, mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3; STAT3, Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3.