Figure 1.

Structure of the nutraceuticals that are proposed to be effective against Cd-induced testicular injury. It is interesting to observe that in the majority of chemical structures here reported, multiple hydroxyl groups that typically confer a greater antioxidant (radical scavenging) capacity are present. This biochemical feature could functionally help to reduce inflammation and apoptosis, and modulate hormonal imbalance in Cd-induced testicular injury.