Table 1.

Table indicating the role of various nutraceuticals against Cd-induced testicular injury, including compounds, food sources, mechanisms of action and specific references.

Compound	Food Source	Mechanism of Action	References
α-lipoic acid	Spinach, broccoli	AO	[81,82,83]
Hesperidin	Citrus	AO–AI	[84,86]
Quercetin	Red apple, red onion, tomato	AO–AI	[123]
Flavocoxid	Cathechin (green tea, dark chocolate) Baicalin (onions)	AO–AI–AA–ABTBD	[44]
Phyto-melatonine	Coffe beans, apple, cherry, tomato	AO–AI	[91]
Seleno-L-methyonine	Brazilian nuts, potato, fish	AO–AHI	[93,94,96]
Myo-inositol	Cereals, citrus, dried plums, cantaloupe melon	AO	[46]
Bergamot juice	Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau (bergamot) fruits	AO–AI–AA	[47,113]
PDRN	Trout	AO–AI–AA–ABTBD	[45]
Curcumin	Curcuma longa	AO–AA	[47,63]
Resveratrol	Red wine, grape, peanuts, dried fruit	AO–AI–AA–ABTBD	[47]

AO = Antioxidant; AI = Anti-inflammatory; AA = Antiapoptotic; AHI = Antihormonal imbalance; ABTBD = Anti-blood–testis barrier damage.