Table 3.
Most commonly used solvents and solvent mixtures in maceration and LLE of phytocannabinoids.
| Solvent/Solvent Mixture | References |
|---|---|
| MeCN | [89,90] |
| MeCN + 1% acetic acid | [65] |
| MeCN saturated with n-hexane | [91] |
| MeOH | [38,42,50,54,56,68,78,79,85,89,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101] |
| absolute ethanol (99.7%, v/v) | [10,49,51,53,66,90,102,103,104,105,106,107,108] |
| EtOH(96%, v/v) | [40,54,55,66,90,92,100,109,110,111,112,113] |
| isopropanol | [63,108] |
| cyclohexane | [82,114] |
| EtAc | [69,89,115,116,117] |
| CHCl3 | [44,52,58,77,118,119,120] |
| n-hexane | [40,47,54,66,75,76,78,86,87,101,121,122,123,124,125] |
| light petroleum | [46] |
| petroleum ether | [126,127,128] |
| toluene | [129] |
| benzene | [130] |
| CCl4 (later evaporated and extracts reconstituted in chloroform) | [131] |
| MeCN/MeOH (8:2, v/v) | [132] |
| hexane/isopropanol (9:1, v/v) | [57,94,106,133] |
| hexane/EtAc (9:1, v/v), (7:3, v/v), (6:4, v/v) | [54,57,66,94,104] |
| hexane/CHCl3 (1:1, v/v) | [134,135] |
| MeOH/CHCl3 (4:1, v/v) | [48,136] |
| MeOH/CHCl3 (9:1, v/v), (99:1, v/v) | [57,67,86,106,137] |
| MeOH/hexane (9:1, v/v) | [138] |
| petroleum ether/MeOH (9:1, v/v) | [45] |
| EtOH/H2O (1:1, v/v) | [133] |
| KOH in MeOH and hexane/EtAc (9:1, v/v) | [139] |
| IS (tribenzylamine) in 96% EtOH | [57] |
| IS (tribenzylamine) in MeCN | [140] |
| IS (nonadecane) in EtOH | [138] |
| IS (diphenylhydramine) in EtOH | [74] |
| IS (4-androstene-3,17-dione) in EtOH | [9,137] |
| IS (docosane) in petroleum ether | [128,141] |
| IS (nonadecane) in MeOH/CHCl3 (9:1, v/v) | [67] |
| IS (squalane) in hexane | [76,89,142] |
| IS (chrysene-d12) in hexane | [71] |
| IS (ketamine hydrochloride) in MeCN | [124] |
| IS (4-androstene-3,17-dione) in MeOH/CHCl3 (9:1, v/v) | [9,75,86,87,143,144,145] |