Table 3.

Responses to sports nutrition and food knowledge questions.

Section	Question/Scope	Athletes with Correct Answer	Mean Score
		n (%)	(%)
Macronutrient (carbohydrate)	1.Identifying good food sources of carbohydrates (9 items).		59.0
	2.Should an athlete who wants to lose weight completely eliminate carbohydrates from his/her diet?	54 (77.1)
	3.Are carbohydrates stored in the muscle as glycogen?	61 (87.1)
Macronutrient (protein)	4.Does the muscle use protein as the main energy source during exercise?	43 (61.4)
	5.Identifying good food sources of protein (6 items).		71.2
Macronutrient (fat)	6.Do fats play an important role in the body?	61 (87.1)
	7.Do saturated and unsaturated fats have the same impact on health?	38 (54.3)
	8.Identifying foods with a high or low unsaturated fat content (7 items).		37.2
Micronutrient	9.How many servings of fruits and vegetables is recommended to eat per day?	10 (14.3)
	10.Can the human body get most of its vitamin D from sunlight exposure?	22 (31.4)
	11.Are vitamins and minerals a good source of energy?	15 (21.4)
	12.Identifying good food sources of iron (8 items).		59.1
	13.Identifying good food sources of calcium (8 items).		61.6
Hydration	14.Your athletic performance will decrease if you lose 2% of your body weight (for example, 1.5 kg if you weigh about 75 kg) due to water loss.	47 (67.1)
	15.To be well hydrated during sports training, you have to wait until you are thirsty to drink.	64 (91.4)
	16.To fully rehydrate after exercise, you need to drink a volume of liquid greater than the volume of water lost during exercise (which we know by weighing yourself before and after training or competition).	63 (90.0)
	17.Fruit juice is a liquid suitable to drink in the training session and in the middle of the match.	33 (47.1)
	18.Energy drinks like “Red Bull” are recommended for athletes to ingest during exercise.	31 (44.3)
	19.What do you think is the most suitable urine color before training?	32 (45.7)
	20.During intense or prolonged exercise, what is the best way to replace the water that is lost in the form of sweat?	27 (38.6)
	21.The percentage of carbohydrates in an isotonic sports drink.	29 (41.4)
Food intake periodicity	22.What is the optimum time to eat and drink something for kick-starting recovery after exercise or competition?	59 (84.3)
	23.The most important nutrient(s) to ingest after training.	23 (75.7)
	24.Should the last main meal (breakfast, lunch or dinner) be eaten at least 3–4 h before a competition/ exercise?	66 (94.3)