| FNDC5 | Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 |
| FGF21 | Fibroblast growth factor 21 |
| BDNF | Brain-derived neurotrophic factor |
| WAT | White adipose tissue |
| BAT | Brown adipose tissue |
| UCP1 | Uncoupling protein 1 |
| PGC1 α | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) coactivator 1-α |
| FNDC9 | Fibronectin type III domain containing 9 |
| PRDM16 | PR domain zinc finger protein 16 |
| AMPK | Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase |
| PI3K | Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase |
| STAT3 | Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 |
| MAPK | Mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| ERK1/2 | Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 |
| EMT | Epithelial-mesenchyme transition |
| cAMP | Cyclic adenosine 3, 5- monophosphate |
| CREB | cAMP response element binding |
| ATP | Adenosine triphosphate |
| AD | Alzheimer’s disease |
| APP | Amyloid precursor protein |
| ALP | Alkaline phosphatase |
| mTOR | Mammalian target of rapamycin |
| MARK4 | Microtubule Affinity Regulating Kinase 4 |