Table 5.

Summary of multilayered capsules used for theranostic purposes.

Multilayer Components	Drug	Diagnostic Probe	Purpose	Reference
poly-(l-ornithine) and fucoidan	doxorubicin (pre-loaded combined with fucoidan layers)	fluorescent probe	anticancer	Wang et al. [284]
PLL and folic acid (or mixture of folic acid and folate antimetabolites)	folic acid (or mixture of folic acid and folate antimetabolites) included as layers	fluorescent probe	anticancer	Rosch et al. [285].
poly-l-arginine and dextran sulfate	magnetite particles (pre-loaded within the template or adsorbed as layers)	magnetite particles (NMR imaging)	anticancer	Svenskaya et al. [286]
PLL and poly-l-glutamic acid	doxorubicin (preloaded in the oil core of the emulsion droplets used as template)	Fe2O3 nanoparticles (NMR imaging)	anticancer	Szczepanowicz et al. [287]
dextran, protamine, chitosan, and folic acid	curcumin (post-loaded by direct incubation)	fluorescent probe (dextran marked with rhodamine as layer)	anticancer	Hanafy [288]
PAH and PSS	doxorubicin (pre-loaded in CaCO3 templates)	quantum dots (fluorescence imaging)	anticancer	Kalinechenko et al. [36]
tannic acid and poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone)	doxorubicin (pre-loaded in the template)	capsule itself ultrasound imaging	anticancer	Chen et al. [289]
tannic acid and poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone)	doxorubicin (pre-loaded in silicon dioxide templates)	iron nanoparticles (NMR imaging)	anticancer	Alford et al. [290]
tannic acid and poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone)	doxorubicin (post-loaded by direct incubation)	89Zr (PET imaging)	anticancer	Kozlovskaya et al. [291]
tannic acid and bovine serum albumin	225Ac (pre-loading by radiolabeling)	89Zr (PET imaging)	anticancer	Muslimov et al. [292]
poly-l-arginine and dextran sulfate	doxorubicin (pre-loaded in CaCO3 templates)	fluorescent probes and magnetic nanoparticles (fluorescent tomography and optoacoustic signal)	anticancer	Novoselova et al. [294]