Table 2.
Content [μg/g DE] of phenolic acids and flavonoids in the aerial parts and roots of A. acutiloba.
| Compound | AH | AR | AH-B | AR-B | AH-O | AR-O | AH-E | AR-E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gallic acid | 5.89 ± 0.05 | 2.45 ± 0.10 | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | nd | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| protocatechuic acid | 22.13 ± 0.18 | 0.66 ± 0.02 | 32.88 ± 0.18 | 5.71 ± 0.01 | 19.42 ± 0.12 | 0.80 ± 0.00 | 0.87 ± 0.01 | 2.41 ± 0.03 |
| caffeic acid | 23.50 ± 0.18 | 0.00 | 78.88 ± 0.18 | 9.71 ± 0.10 | 9.82 ± 0.02 | <LOQ | 0.28 ± 0.00 | 1.26 ± 0.01 |
| syringic acid | 4.98 ± 0.11 | 0.00 | 13.01 ± 0.02 | 1.81 ± 0.13 | 4.40 ± 1.25 | 0.00 | 0.00 | <LOQ |
| 4-hydroxybenzoic acid | 12.81 ± 0.09 | <LOQ | 70.36 ± 0.18 | 13.04 ± 0.05 | 5.58 ± 0.28 | < LOQ | 1.43 ± 0.02 | 2.16 ± 0.04 |
| vanilic acid | 12.56 ± 0.70 | 0.00 | 76.75 ± 0.35 | 9.32 ± 0.05 | <LOQ | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| gentisic acid | 0.00 | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | 3.10 ± 0.05 | 0.24 ± 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| sinapic acid | 0.00 | 0.00 | <LOQ | <LOQ | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| p-coumaric acid | 20.88 ± 0.18 | <LOQ | 187.63 ± 0.18 | 24.79 ± 0.20 | 4.26 ± 0.01 | <LOQ | 1.84 ± 0.01 | 4.47 ± 0.05 |
| ferulic acid | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 15.93 ± 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.00 | <LOQ | <LOQ |
| rosmarinic acid | 7.56 ± 0.52 | 0.14 ± 0.00 | 0.84 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 5.87 ± 0.02 | 0.31 ± 0.01 | 0.04 ± 0.00 | 0.05 ± 0.00 |
| salicylic acid | 11.59 ± 0.05 | <LOQ | 55.50 ± 0.35 | 6.01 ± 0.02 | 7.52 ± 0.12 | <LOQ | 0.17 ± 0.01 | 0.63 ± 0.00 |
| Total of Phenolic Acids | 121.90 | 3.25 | 515.85 | 86.34 | 59.97 | 1.35 | 4.63 | 10.98 |
| astragalin | 23.75 ± 0.18 | <LOQ | 7.48 ± 0.11 | 0.33 ± 0.04 | 22.42 ± 0.35 | <LOQ | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 2.25 ± 0.02 |
| quercitrin | 294.38 ± 4.12 | 1.19 ± 0.02 | 395.00 ± 3.54 | 57.36 ± 0.10 | 335.83 ± 1.18 | 4.02 ± 0.19 | 10.24 ± 0.12 | 18.58 ± 0.02 |
| isoquercitrin | 139.38 ± 0.88 | 1.21 ± 0.03 | 22.59 ± 0.16 | 0.66 ± 0.02 | 147.75 ± 1.06 | 5.86 ± 0.03 | 1.67 ± 0.02 | 4.85 ± 0.02 |
| isorhamnetin-3-glucoside | 4.36 ± 0.10 | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ | 2.31±0.01 | <LOQ | <LOQ | <LOQ |
| kaempferol-3-rutinoside | 191.88 ± 0.88 | 37.74 ± 0.07 | 7.41 ± 0.16 | 0.63 ± 0.10 | 244.17 ± 3.54 | 53.91 ± 0.04 | 8.35 ± 0.00 | 12.82 ± 0.16 |
| rutin | 235.00 ± 3.54 | 83.16 ± 0.00 | 5.05 ± 0.60 | < LOQ | 332.50 ± 1.18 | 97.94 ± 0.42 | 15.99 ± 0.08 | 24.97 ± 0.14 |
| narcissoside | 145.00 ± 3.54 | 47.71 ± 0.04 | 5.21 ± 0.12 | 0.58 ± 0.01 | 206.67 ± 4.71 | 61.76 ± 0.00 | 8.05 ± 0.02 | 13.45 ± 0.07 |
| hyperoside | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.47 ± 0.08 | 0.66 ± 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.52 ± 0.01 |
| tiliroside | 0.00 | 0.00 | <LOQ | <LOQ | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| naringenin-7-glucoside | <LOQ | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | <LOQ | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Total of Flavonoid Glycosides | 1033.75 | 171.01 | 445.21 | 60.22 | 1291.65 | 223.49 | 44.33 | 78.44 |
| luteolin | 0.05 ± 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.51 ± 0.00 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | <LOQ | 0.00 | <LOQ | <LOQ |
| kaempferol | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.23 ± 0.00 | <LOQ | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.04 ± 0.00 |
| 3-O-methylquercetin | 0.00 | 0.00 | <LOQ | 0.00 | 0.00 | <LOQ | 0.00 | <LOQ |
| naringenin | <LOQ | 0.00 | <LOQ | 0.00 | <LOQ | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| eriodictyol | <LOQ | 0.00 | 0.17 ± 0.00 | <LOQ | <LOQ | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| quercetin | 0.15 ± 0.00 | <LOQ | 22.38 ± 0.39 | 1.04 ± 0.01 | 0.14 ± 0.00 | <LOQ | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| isorhamnetin | <LOQ | 0.00 | 1.89 ± 0.00 | 0.04 ± 0.00 | <LOQ | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| rhamnetin | 0.00 | 0.00 | <LOQ | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Total of Flavonoid Aglycones | 0.20 | 0.00 | 26.18 | 1.10 | 0.14 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.04 |
AH—60% methanolic extract of the aerial parts, AR—60% methanolic extract of the roots, AH-B—butanol fraction from the aerial parts, AR-B—butanol fraction from the roots, AH-O—ethyl acetate fraction from the aerial parts, AR-O—ethyl acetate fraction from the roots, AH-E—diethyl ether fraction from the aerial parts, AR-E—diethyl ether fraction from the roots. Values are presented in means ± SD, n = 3; nd—not detected; LOQ—limit of quantification.