Figure 3.

Antibiofilm activities of the synthesized compounds. The antibiofilm activities of the synthesized compounds were evaluated at their sub-MIC concentrations to avoid any influence on the bacterial growth. The crystal violet method was used to quantify the inhibition activity of compounds on (A) S. aureus and (B) P. aeruginosa. The synthesized compounds showed variable abilities to inhibit the biofilm formation, however, compounds 9a, 9b and 9f showed the highest abilities to inhibit biofilm formation in both tested bacterial strains. Representative image for the inhibitory effect of compound 9e on the biofilm formation by (C) S. aureus and (D) P. aeruginosa were taken. The formed biofilms were markedly reduced showing scattered thinner layers of bacterial biofilms. (*** = p < 0.001; ** = p < 0.01; * p < 0.05; ns = non-significant).